槐花槐角粗提物对肉鸡肠道健康的影响  

Effects of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae on intestinal health of broilers

作　　者：张世佳 张琼一 崔婵婵 陈美琳 王霄 刘海涛 刘欣 史万玉[1,4] 包永占 ZHANG Shijia;ZHANG Qiongyi;CUI Chanchan;CHEN Meilin;WANG Xiao;LIU Haitao;LIU Xin;SHI Wanyu;BAO Yongzhan(College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;Shandong Dezhou Shenniu Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou,Shandong 253004,China;Chengwu Smart Food Co.,Ltd.,Heze,Shandong 274200,China;Hebei Province Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学中兽医学院,河北保定071000 [2]山东德州神牛药业有限公司,山东德州253004 [3]成武思玛特食品有限公司,山东菏泽274200 [4]河北省中兽药技术创新中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2025年第3期549-558,共10页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家“十四五”重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD1801104);河北省重点研发计划资助项目(22326622D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资助项目(HBCT2024110202)。

摘　　要：375只体况一致、体质量均匀的1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验分别设置空白对照组(CON组,饲喂基础日粮)、低剂量槐花槐角粗提物(crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae,FS)组(FSL组,基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg FS)、中剂量FS组(FSM组,基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg FS)、高剂量FS组(FSH组,基础日粮中添加200 mg/kg FS)和博落回(Macleaya cordata,MC)组(基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg博落回散),试验期为42 d。检测肠道消化酶活性、肠道形态、肠道组织抗氧化和免疫能力以及屏障防御功能,并分析肠道微生物群落结构和多样性。结果显示,与CON组和MC组相比,FSH组可显著提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);与CON组相比,FSM组和MC组可显著降低空肠组织活性氧、丙二醛含量,提升谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,降低空肠组织肿瘤坏死因子-α含量,增高白介素-10含量,提高空肠黏膜闭合连接蛋白-1和黏蛋白-2 mRNA相对表达水平(P<0.05);微生物多样性显示,与CON组相比,FSH组显著提高了香浓指数(P<0.05),提高了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度,降低了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度;有颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)、真杆菌属(Eubacterium)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)等多种有益菌,肠道菌群结构更具有多样性且有益菌丰度更大。结果表明,饲料中添加200 mg/kg FS能够改善肉鸡肠道形态,增强肠道功能,巩固肠道健康,进而提高养殖效益。One-day-old A A broilers were divided into five groups(15 chickens each,5 replicates per group):control(basic diet),three groups with low,medium,and high doses of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae(100,150,200 mg/kg),and one group with Macleaya cordata extract(300 mg/kg).The 42-day trial measured intestinal enzyme activity,morphology,antioxidant and immune capacity,barrier function,and microbiota structure and diversity.Compared to the control and Macleaya cordata groups,the high-dose crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae group significantly increased trypsin activity in the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum(P<0.05).It also reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels,increased glutathione peroxidase activity,reduced tumor necrosis factor-α,increased interleukin-10,and elevated mRNA expression of tight junction protein-1 and mucin-2 in the jejunum(P<0.05).Microbial diversity analysis showed higher Shannon index,increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,decreased Proteobacteria,and more beneficial bacteria in the high-dose group(P<0.05).Supplementing200 mg/kg of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae enhances intestinal morphology and function,and promotes intestinal health,thereby increasing farming efficiency.

关 键 词：槐花槐角粗提物 肉鸡 肠道健康 盲肠菌群 

分 类 号：S852.2[农业科学—基础兽医学] S859.7[农业科学—兽医学]