Degradation mechanism,direct regeneration and upcycling of ternary cathode material for retired lithium-ion power batteries  

作　　者：Juan Wang Dongqi Li Weihao Zeng Xingye Chen Yixin Zhang Shaojie Zhang Zhongpeng Li Changhao Li Shichun Mu 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China

出　　处：《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2025年第3期534-554,共21页能源化学(英文版)

基　　金：financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809300)。

摘　　要：With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource reutilization.However,at present,substantial spent power batteries,especially for those high recovery value cathode materials,have not been greenly,sustainably,and efficiently recycled.Compared to the traditional recovery method for cathode materials with high energy consumption and severe secondary pollution,the direct repair regeneration,as a new type of short-process and efficient treatment methods,has attracted widespread attention.However,it still faces challenges in homogenization repair,electrochemical performance decline,and scaling-up production.To promote the direct regeneration technology development of failed NCM materials,herein we deeply discuss the failure mechanism of nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)ternary cathode materials,including element loss,Li/Ni mixing,phase transformation,structural defects,oxygen release,and surface degradation and reconstruction.Based on this,the detailed analysis and summary of the direct regeneration method embracing solid-phase sintering,eutectic salt assistance,solvothermal synthesis,sol-gel process,spray drying,and redox mediation are provided.Further,the upcycling strategy for regeneration materials,such as single-crystallization and high-nickelization,structural regulation,ion doping,and surface engineering,are discussed in deep.Finally,the challenges faced by the direct regeneration and corresponding countermeasures are pointed out.Undoubtedly,this review provides valuable guidance for the efficient and high-value recovery of failed cathode materials.

关 键 词：Spent NCM materials Retired lithium-ion power battery Degradation mechanism Direct regeneration Upcycling strategy 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]