云南高原湿地生态安全评价及其影响因素分析  

Ecological security evaluation and influencing factors analysis of plateau wetlands in Yunnan Province

作　　者：陈哲 张春红[2] 温庆忠[1] Chen Zhe;Zhang Chunhong;Wen Qingzhong(Yunnan Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning,Kunming 650051,Yunnan,P.R.China;School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业调查规划院,云南昆明650051 [2]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《湿地科学》2025年第1期22-32,共11页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32471737);云南省科技厅2023年第二批科技成果转化专项资金(530000231100001753720)资助。

摘　　要：高原湿地生态环境脆弱,易受外界干扰而导致湿地结构和生态功能发生变化。现有的高原湿地安全评价涉及的湿地类型和气候带较少,限制了对高原湿地生态安全状况的认识和相关保护政策的制定。云南省地处高原地区,立体气候显著,湿地类型多样,研究跨越不同气候带的云南省湿地生态安全具有重要意义。利用遥感数据、云南省年鉴数据、社会经济数据等,构建压力–状态–响应(PSR)模型,以熵权法和专家法有机结合的双权法对评价指标进行赋权,运用模糊物元法评价2016年云南省高原湿地的生态安全。结果表明,湿地生态安全指数最高的区域分布在云南省西北部的怒江、迪庆和南部的西双版纳,最低的区域分布在云南省东北部的曲靖、昭通和西部的保山;云南省各州市湿地生态安全的影响因素存在区域差异,主要与不同地区气候类型的多样性有关;气候因子和人类活动干扰共同影响着云南省高原湿地的生态安全,主要影响因素包括自然湿地占比、年平均气温、第二产业占比、年降水量、单位面积湿地生态服务功能价值、化肥施用量和工业用水重复利用率。灰色关联分析表明,气候因子和人类干扰活动是云南省湿地生态安全的主要影响因素且两者的影响率接近,人类活动干扰导致的水质恶化是影响云南高原湿地生态安全的关键因素,因此减缓人类活动对湿地水质的影响,是实现当地湿地保护的关键。研究结果可为跨越多个气候带的高原湿地生态安全建设决策提供依据。The ecological environment of the plateau wetland is fragile and vulnerable to external interferences,which leads to changes in wetland structure and ecological functions.The existing plateau wetland ecological security assessment involves relatively few wetland types and climatic zones,which limits the understanding of the ecological security status of plateau wetlands and the formulation of relevant protection policies.Yunnan Province is located in the plateau region,with a significant three-dimensional climate and diverse wetland types.It is of great significance to study the ecological security of wetlands in Yunnan Province across different climatic zones.Using remote sensing data,Yunnan statistical yearbook data,social and economic data,etc.,an improved traditional Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model was constructed.The evaluation indicators was weighted by the double weight method combining the entropy weight method and the expert method,and the fuzzy matter-element method was used to evaluate the wetland ecological security of Yunnan Province in 2016.The results showed that the areas with the highest wetland ecological security index were distributed in Nujiang,Diqing in the northwest and Xishuangbanna in the south of Yunnan Province,while the lowest areas were in Qujing,Zhaotong in the northeast and Baoshan in the west of Yunnan Province.There were differences in the influencing factors of wetland ecological security among different states or cities,mainly related to the diversity of climate types in different regions.Climatic factors and human activities jointly affected the ecological security of plateau wetlands in Yunnan Province.The main influencing factors were the proportion of natural wetlands,annual average temperature,the proportion of secondary industry,annual precipitation,ecological service value per unit area of wetlands,the intensity of fertilizer application and the reuse rate of industrial water.The results of grey correlation analysis showed that climate factors and human disturbances wer

关 键 词：高原湿地 生态安全 多气候带 云南省 

分 类 号：Q17[生物学—水生生物学]