黄河源区扎陵湖土壤真菌多样性及抑制作物病原真菌的菌株筛选  

Diversity of soil fungi and screening of antifungal strains against crop pathogens in the Zhaling Lake in the source region of the Yellow River

作　　者：马有海 辛承伟 杨闰艳 祁鹤兴 Ma Youhai;Xin Chengwei;Yang Runyan;Qi Hexing(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《湿地科学》2025年第1期122-131,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(2022-ZJ-977Q)资助。

摘　　要：为查明扎陵湖土壤真菌多样性资源并筛选作物病原真菌的抑菌菌株,为后续开发生防制剂奠定基础,从黄河源区扎陵湖岸边采集底泥样本11份,经7种选择性培养基培养后,采用稀释涂板法分离真菌,采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法鉴定菌株,并使用对峙培养法筛选具有抑菌活性的菌株。研究结果表明,共分离得到100株真菌,隶属于蓝状菌属(Talaromyces)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、枝孢霉属(Cladosporium)、无垫船壳菌属(Psiloglonium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、青霉属(Penicillium)、翅孢壳属(Emericellopsis)、附球壳属(Epicoccum)、毛束霉属(Trichurus)和拟壳多孢属(Stagonosporopsis)等27属。其中,蓝状菌属(18株)和链格孢属(11株)为优势属;裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)、柄粪壳属(Podosordaria)、穴壳菌属(Dothiorella)、钝齿霉属(Radulidium)、栓菌属(Trametes)、阿太菌属(Athelia)、拟革盖菌属(Coriolopsis)、Geosmithia、葡柄霉属(Stemphylium)、平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)为稀有属,均为1株。筛选得到4株高活性抑菌菌株,分别属于枝孢霉属、翅孢壳属、截平盘孢属和阿太菌属,对青海省主要农作物的8种病原真菌具有广谱抑菌活性。扎陵湖底泥中真菌资源丰富,具有一定的生防利用价值。To explore soil fungal diversity in the Zhaling Lake and screen the antifungal strains against crop pathogens,and provide basic materials for subsequent development of biocontrol agents,11 sediment samples were collected from shoreside of the Zhaling Lake.After being cultured on 7 selective mediums,the fungi were isolated by dilution separation method.The strains were identified by a combination of morphological and molecular biology methods,and the antifungal strains were screened by confront culture method.The results showed that a total of 100 fungi were isolated,belonging to 27 genera including Talaromyces,Alternaria,Cladosporium,Psiloglonium,Fusarium,Phom,Penicillium,Emericellopsis,Epicoccum,Trichurus and Stagonosporopsis etc.Among them,the genera Talaromyces(18 strains)and Alternaria(11 strains)were the dominant genera,and Schizophyllum,Podosordadia,Dothiorella,Radulidium,Trametes,Athelia,Coriolopsis,Geosmithia,Stemphylium,Bipolaris and Aspergillus were the rare genera with only 1 strain.Four highly active antifungal strains were screened belonging to Cladosporium,Emericellopsis,Truncatella and Athelia,they had better inhibitory effect on 8 fungi pathogens isolated from main crops in Qinghai Province.The soil fungi resources in the Zhaling Lake are abundant and the exploitation and utilization values are well.

关 键 词：扎陵湖 湖泊湿地 真菌多样性 抑菌菌株 

分 类 号：Q939.5[生物学—微生物学]