滹沱河与滏阳河鱼类群落结构及多样性比较研究  

Comparative study on the structure and diversity of fish communities in Hutuo River and Fuyang River

作　　者：杨春晖 李怡群 王慎知 高文斌 许玉甫 张海鹏 Yang Chunhui;Li Yiqun;Wang Shenzhi;Gao Wenbin;Xu Yufu;Zhang Haipeng(Hebei Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute(Hebei Marine and Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Station),Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,P.R.China;Ocean Collage of Hebei Agriculture University,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]河北省海洋与水产科学研究院(河北省海洋渔业生态环境监测站),河北秦皇岛066000 [2]河北农业大学海洋学院,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2025年第1期132-139,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：河北省财政预算项目“重要水域生态环境监测预警及渔业资源养护技术集成”资助。

摘　　要：2018年南水北调中线工程开始对滹沱河和滏阳河进行生态补水,修复河湖生态环境。为了解补水后两条河流鱼类资源现状及其群落关系,于2021—2023年每年4月、7月和10月,对河北省境内滹沱河、滏阳河进行了鱼类资源调查,研究了两水域鱼类群落结构及多样性,并进行了区系相似性等比较分析。研究结果表明,滹沱河采集到5目10科26属32种鱼类,滏阳河采集到5目10科30属36种鱼类。滹沱河和滏阳河鱼类群落都以静水定居、产沉黏性卵、杂食性、底栖鱼类为主,优势种均为麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)和䱗(Hemiculter leucisculus)等小型鱼类,区系划分上以中国平原区系复合体鱼类居多。滹沱河和滏阳河鱼类群落Margalef指数分别为2.01~2.72和1.96~2.45;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.61~3.29和2.29~2.83;Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.59~0.72和0.48~0.58。滹沱河和滏阳河鱼类多样性较丰富,群落结构相似性较高,体现了海河流域典型的江河平原鱼类群落结构的共同特征。持续补水等生态修复措施改善了水环境,保护并恢复了鱼类资源及多样性,对两河湿地生态的修复具有重要意义。In 2018,the South-to-North Water Diversion Centre Line Project started ecological water replenishment of the Hutuo River and Fuyang River to repair the environmental environment of the rivers and lakes.To understand the current status of fish resources and their community relationships in the two rivers after the water replenishment,a fish resource survey was conducted on the Hutuo River and Fuyang River in Hebei Province in April,July,and October each year from 2021 to 2023,and the structure and diversity of fish communities in the two watersheds were investigated and comparative analyses,such as the similarity of the compartments,were carried out.The results showed that 32 species of fish of 26 genera in 5 orders and 10 families were collected from Hutuo River,and 36 species of fish of 30 genera in 5 orders and 10 families were collected from Fuyang River.The fish communities of both Hutuo River and Fuyang River were dominated by hydrostatic sedentary,sedentary viscous egg-laying,omnivorous,and benthic fishes.The dominant species were small fishes such as whelk Pseudorasbora parva and Hemiculter leucisculus,and the zonation was dominated by the fishes of the Chinese Plain Zonation Complex.The Margalef index of fish communities in Hutuo River and Fuyang River were 2.01-2.72 and 1.96-2.45,respectively;the Shannon-Wiener index was 2.61-3.29 and 2.29-2.83,respectively;and the Pielou index was 0.59-0.72 and 0.48-0.58,respectively.The fish in the Hutuo River and Fuyang River were diverse and richer and the similarity of community structure was higher,reflecting the common characteristics of the typical fish community structure of river plains in the Haihe River Basin.Continuous water replenishment and other ecological restoration measures have improved the water environment,protected and restored fish resources and diversity,and are of great significance to the environmental restoration of the wetlands of the two rivers.

关 键 词：鱼类资源 群落结构 多样性 滹沱河 滏阳河 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]