人工湿地对污水处理厂尾水氮磷的去除效果及其与底泥氮磷含量的关系  

Nitrogen and phosphorus purification effects in constructed wetland for the tailwater from Sewage Treatment Plant and its relationships with nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment

作　　者：黄紫乐 瞿心悦 彭方成 谭博文 戴唯 李有志[1] Huang Ziyue;Qu Xinyue;Peng Fangcheng;Tan Bowen;Dai Wei;Li Youzhi(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湿地科学》2025年第1期201-214,共14页Wetland Science

基　　金：湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2022068-31);郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项项目(2023sfq16);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2019SK2336)资助。

摘　　要：人工湿地因投资低、操作简单、运行低廉等优点,被广泛应用于生活污水处理厂尾水深度净化。于2021年1~10月通过对湖南省郴州市资兴市东江湖兴宁污水处理厂尾水人工湿地净化系统(依次由1个潜流湿地和8个植物塘组成)水体中和底泥中氮磷含量的持续监测,分析人工湿地对水体中氮磷的净化效果及其与底泥中氮磷含量的关系。研究结果表明,人工湿地生态系统对尾水中氮磷的去除效果明显,总氮、氨氮、硝态氮和总磷去除率的平均值分别可达62.6%、45.1%、58.3%和47.7%;与人工湿地系统前端的潜流湿地相比,后端的植物塘对尾水中氮磷的去除效果较差;不同植物塘对尾水中氮磷的去除效果存在明显差异,总体上面积较大的植物塘对氮磷的去除率较高,而面积较小的植物塘去除率较低,部分植物塘甚至出现了氮磷缓释现象;人工湿地底泥中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和全磷含量均随着水流的方向降低,且与水体中氮磷浓度及其去除率显著正相关;底泥中全氮含量对尾水中氮磷去除率的贡献率为33.4%,全磷含量对尾水中氮磷去除率的贡献率为32.5%。人工湿地对尾水中氮磷净化效果与湿地类型、植物塘面积、底泥中氮磷含量有关,因此,从环境条件优化、生物结构调控等方面分别对潜流湿地和植物塘提出了相应的改造建议。The constructed wetlands are widely used in deep purification of tailwater from sewage treatment plants due to its advantages in low investment,simple operation,and low-cost operation.Based on the continuous monitoring on the nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body and sediment in a constructed wetland ecosystem(consisting of a subsurface flow wetland and eight plant ponds successively)for purifying the tailwater from the Xingning Sewage Treatment Plant in the Dongjiang Lake,this study analyzes the purification effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in water body and its relationships with nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment.The constructed wetland ecosystem has obvious efficiency on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from tailwater.The efficiency on removal of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and total phosphorus in the water body were 62.6%,45.1%,58.3%,and 47.7%,respectively.Compared with the efficiency on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from tailwater in the subsurface flow wetland located at the front of the wetland,the efficiency in the plant ponds located at the back was relatively low.The efficiency on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body varied significantly among the plant ponds.Generally,the ponds with larger areas showed higher efficiency on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus,whereas the ponds with smaller areas showed lower efficiency.However,the efficiency on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in some ponds was less than zero,indicating the nitrogen and phosphorus were released into water in the ponds.Additionally,the concentrations of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and total phosphorus in the sediment of the constructed wetland showed a decreasing trend with the direction of water flow and had a significant positive correlation with the concentrations and the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body.The contribution percentage of total nitrogen in sediment to the efficiency on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus

关 键 词：潜流人工湿地/复合型人工湿地 植物塘/总氮/总磷/氨氮/硝态氮 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]