机器造纸为何始于欧洲而非中国?——从“机器造纸”本质探析  

Why Did Machine Papermaking Originate in Europe Instead of China:From the Perspective of the Essence of“Machine Papermaking”

作　　者：李雅璠 张丁伟 LI Yafan;ZHANG Dingwei(College of Design and Innovation,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学设计创意学院,上海200092

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2025年第4期75-82,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：为何机器造纸始于18世纪末的欧洲而非拥有两千年造纸史的中国?本文剖析“机器造纸”的本质,认为欧洲在“生产效率与社会需求”和“科学技术”两方面存在差异,从而导致了上述结果。具体为,其一,欧洲迫切需要提高产纸效率,因其始终存在造纸技术难题以及纸张生产与需求的矛盾,而中国的纸张供给与社会需求相持衡,没有急需提高产纸效率的理由和动力;其二,欧洲国家具备造纸技术革新的科学技术手段,主要表现为文艺复兴与工业革命所提供的科学技术前提和精神物质基础,以及造纸相关领域的知识技术积累。Why did machine papermaking originate in Europe at the end of the 18th century rather than China,which had a two-thousand-year history of papermaking?This research analyzes the essence of“machine papermaking”and holds that differences between China and Europe in two aspects,namely“production efficiency and social demand”and“science and technology”,led to the above result.Specifically,first of all,Europe was in urgent need of improving paper production efficiency because there had always been papermaking technical problems as well as contradictions between paper production and demand.In contrast,in China,the supply of paper was in balance with social demand,so there was neither a reason nor the motivation to urgently improve paper production efficiency.Secondly,Europe had the scientific and technological means for papermaking technology innovation,mainly manifested in the scientific and technological prerequisites and the spiritual and material foundations provided by the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution,as well as the accumulation of knowledge and technology in papermaking-related fields.

关 键 词：机器造纸 原因 生产与需求 科学技术 

分 类 号：TS7[轻工技术与工程—制浆造纸工程] N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]