汉长安城未央宫的结构与意义  

The Structure and Significance of Weiyang-gong in Chang'an of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：贾越 杨茗铄 JIA Yue;YANG Mingshuo(Institute for Advanced Study in History of Science,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shannxi,710127;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities,Xi'an,Shannxi,710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,陕西西安710127 [2]陕西省文化遗产数字人文重点实验室,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2025年第4期83-92,共10页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历法史”(项目编号:22&ZD221);陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设数字人文视域下文化遗产人工智能核心技术研发与应用“科学家+工程师”队伍(项目编号:2022KXJ-143)。

摘　　要：未央宫作为西汉最重要的宫殿,其设计理念基于所谓的“四海模型”,即:“四海之内”是一块“东西二万八千里,南北二万六千里”的矩形大地。通过对发掘报告数据的整理,利用数理考古方法,揭示出萧何在设计未央宫蓝图时蕴含了“2.8里×2.6里”的矩形大地模型。这是大型皇室建筑中首次发现“四海模型”的应用。在重构未央宫设计蓝图的基础上,发现并证实《三辅黄图》与《西京杂记》采用的都是1里=240步的换算关系来记录未央宫的周长,只不过前者取1黄里=240汉步;后者取1汉里=240京步。两者记录的数据都是正确的。这个发现不仅释去了文献记录与考古发掘无法统一的疑云,也解决了中国度量衡史上的一个重要问题。Weiyang-gong,the most important imperial palace in the Western Han Dynasty,was designed based on the concept of the so-called Si Hai model(a geodetic model surrounded by sea).According to the historical documents,the Si Hai model refers to a rectangular land of 28,000 li(Chinese unit of length)from the east to west,and 26,000 from the north to south.Through the data compilation of the excavation reports and the use of mathematical archeological methods,it was found that the design blueprint of Weiyang-gong contained two“2.8 li×2.6 li”Si Hai models.The discovery revealed the intention of Xiao He who designed Weiyang-gong.On the basis of reconstructing the design blueprint of Weiyang-gong,it was discovered and confirmed that both Sanfu huangtu(a Chinese ancient geographic book)and Xijing zaji(a collection of historical notes and novels of the Western Han Dynasty)used the conversion relationship of“1 li=240 steps”to record the perimeter of Weiyang-gong.The only difference is that the former takes“1 Huang li=240 Han steps”,while the latter takes“1 Han li=240 Jing steps”.Both sets of data recorded are correct.This discovery not only resolves the doubts of archaeologists about the inconsistency between literary records and archaeological excavations regarding the size of Weiyang-gong,but also has important implications for the study of Chinese metric history.

关 键 词：四海模型 数理考古 《三辅黄图》 《西京杂记》 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] K879.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]