“社会学的民俗学”与20世纪三四十年代燕京大学社会学系的乡村妇女研究  

Folklore of Sociology and the Study of Rural Women by the Department of Sociology of Yenching University in the 1930s and 1940s

作　　者：王均霞[1] WANG Junxia

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200241

出　　处：《民俗研究》2025年第2期27-41,157,共16页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：燕京大学社会学系对乡村妇女及其日常生活展开的民族志书写大多可以归入其“社会学的民俗学”研究。与此前民俗学研究多由男性研究者通过歌谣、故事等来言说乡村妇女相比,这些工作主要由燕京大学社会学系的女学生来完成,她们直接深入乡村妇女的日常生活实践而非仅仅着眼于口承叙事。乡村妇女既是其主要调查对象,也是其民族志书写的核心。对20世纪三四十年代乡村妇女日常生活整体图景的民族志研究不但具有重要的妇女史史料价值,还为中国女性民俗研究建立了一种新范式。不过,阶层鸿沟的存在决定了这些主要来自中产阶级以上家庭的女学生难以平视乡村妇女,而是眼光向下、聚焦于社会改良,其所勾勒的乡村妇女日常生活图景是被摒除了亮色的苦痛之像与愚昧之像。The ethnographic writing on rural women and their daily lives conducted by the Department of Sociology of Yenching University is a part of its “Folklore of Sociology”. Compared to previous folklore research that mostly relied on male researchers who discussed the status of rural women through folksongs and legends, these studies were mainly conducted by female students from the Department of Sociology of Yenching University. They delved directly into the daily life practices of rural women, rather than just focused on their oral narratives. Those rural women were both the main subjects of their investigation and the core of their ethnographic writing. The ethnographic research on the overall picture of rural women's daily lives in the 1930s and 1940s not only has the value of historical materials for women's history but also establishes a new research paradigm for women's folklore studies in China. However, the existence of class division meant that it was hard for the female students, mainly from upper-middle families, to see rural women on an equal footing, and their research had a looking up-down perspective and focused on social reforms. The picture of rural women's daily lives they sketched was one that excluded the bright colors, depicting only the images of pains and ignorance.

关 键 词：燕京大学社会学系 社会学的民俗学 乡村妇女 实地调查 日常生活整体图景 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]