清末民国云南孟连春节“拜大印”习俗的制度来源与民间接纳  

The Institutional Origins and Popular Acceptance of“Worship of the Great Seal”during Spring Festival in Menglian,Yunnan,from the Late Qing to the Republican Period

作　　者：张诗尧 ZHANG Shiyao

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《民俗研究》2025年第2期110-118,159,共10页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：清末民国时期,云南孟连地方的山官头目、普通民众会在每年春节前往孟连土司府“拜大印”。结合傣族民间传说与《明史》《大明会典》等文献,可知该习俗的产生受到明朝设孟连长官司的历史事件,以及正旦庆祝仪式、朝贡通例等王朝礼制的影响。春节“拜大印”是孟连土司效仿中央王朝而建立的地方性朝贡礼仪,体现了国家化历史进程对地方社会的影响,同时也反映了地方社会基于风俗与信仰维系社会秩序的内部整合机制。春节“拜大印”习俗为理解国家化历史进程与地方社会整合之间一体两面的辩证关系提供了一个典型案例。During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period,the Menglian Tusi family in Yunnan would hold the“Worship of the Great Seal”ceremony every Spring Festival.During this time,Shan officials(Shanguan山官)and common people would also go to the Menglian Xuanfu Office to kowtow to the seal granted by the central dynasty to the Menglian Tusi.Local legends and documents suggest that this custom may have originated from the historical event of the establishment of the Menglian Zhangguan Office(Menglian Zhangguan Si孟连长官司)in the early Ming Dynasty.The Menglian Tusi's choice to worship the great seal during the Spring Festival was likely influenced by the Ming Dynasty's New Year's Day celebration ceremony and the tribute system.The choice of the great seal as the object of worship was because of the fact that it represented the presence of the dynasty in the ceremony,and the Tusi used it to express the legitimacy and legality of his power source.The great seal,symbolizing power,was regarded by the local people as one of the objects to be greeted during the Spring Festival,reflecting the deep penetration of nationalization into folk society and also reflecting the need for self-integration of local society.The Menglian Tusi used the great seal as a hub to connect the dynasty above and the folk society below,maintaining the stability and harmony of the border society.The custom of Menglian's worship of the great seal is a vivid embodiment of the dynasty's“governing according to local customs,”providing a unique case for understanding the dialectical relationship between the nationalization process and the integration of local society.

关 键 词：国家化 互动论 土司制度 弥散性权力 社会整合 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学]