从动态保护到照料:农业文化遗产研究的另一种思路  

From Conservation to Care:An Alternative Approach to the Study of Agricultural Heritage

作　　者：黄剑波[1] 孙攀搁 HUANG Jianbo;SUN Pange

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200062

出　　处：《民俗研究》2025年第2期145-156,160,共13页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“汉语人类学百年学术史及理论回顾”(项目编号:23AMZ005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：针对农作物地方品种,无论是主流的在地保护和迁地保护模式,还是农业文化遗产所提倡的动态保护理念,虽有助于改善它们迅速消失的处境,但也都存在一些局限性。在云南省红河县切龙中寨水稻地方品种的案例中,照料理念承认非人类他者的能动性,强调在主客体之间难以做出先验区分,而是多重行动者共同展开的关系过程,并依赖于异质性的时间观念。照料理念的这些特点不仅是对动态保护的反思和深化,也为农业文化遗产研究提供了一种新的思路。Anthropologists have extensively discussed the advantages and limitations of in situ and ex situ conservation models for landraces.While these models have contributed to alleviating the rapid disappearance of landraces,the dominant logic,representational politics,and the modern ontology of nature-culture dualism inherent in the“conservation”framework cannot be overlooked.Although the agricultural heritage framework emphasizes“liveness”and advocates dynamic conservation of landraces,its underlying logic still involves extracting landraces from their respective actor networks and categorizing them into“unified nature”and“diverse culture.”Through the analysis of field data from Qielong Zhongzhai in Honghe County,Yunnan Province,this paper expands the concept of care.It argues that,compared to the concepts of“conservation”or“dynamic conservation”,care first acknowledges the agency of non-human,sencondly,it is difficult to make a priori distinction between subjects and objects,but rather it is a relational process involving multiple actors,and lastly,it opens up space for a heterogeneous concept of time.Based on this,care can effectively address the shortcomings of the“conservation”paradigm and also provides a new approach for the study of agricultural heritage.

关 键 词：农业文化遗产 动态保护 照料 地方品种 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]