刻字铺、刻字业与古代出版的社会化分工进程  

The Engraving Shops,the Engraving Industry and the Evolution of Socialized Labor Division in Ancient Publishing

作　　者：李佳宇 LI Jiayu(School of History,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《印刷文化(中英文)》2025年第1期78-91,共14页Print Culture

摘　　要：刻字铺的兴起与发展历程深刻反映了古代书籍出版社会化分工的历史演进。早期书肆与佣书现象展现了书籍生产初步的社会化分工,雕版印刷术的推广更新了传统刻字业与出版业的分工模式。宋代刻书工匠群体壮大,李仲宁琢玉坊的案例表明专业刻字机构已初具雏形,但此时行业整体仍处于较低水平。明代刻字铺数量大增,商业资本介入显著,徽州黄氏刻工群体的崛起彰显了行业专业化与文人化趋势。清代刻字业达到鼎盛,刻字商铺规模化扩张,行会组织形成,行业规约与身份认同确立,刻字环节的社会化分工臻于成熟。这一进程不仅推动了出版业效率提升,更见证了手工业者社会地位的变迁与文化生产力的解放。The emergence and development of engraving shops profoundly reflect the historical evolution of the socialized division of labor in ancient book publishing.Early bookstores and the practice of hiring scribes illustrate the initial stages of socialized labor division in book production,while the advent of woodblock printing revolutionized the traditional engraving industry and the division of labor in publishing.During the Song Dynasty,the number of book engravers grew significantly,and the case of Li Zhongning's Zhuoyufang Workshop indicates the emergence of specialized engraving institutions.However,the engraving industry and the division of labor in publishing remained relatively underdeveloped at this stage.In the Ming Dynasty,the engraving industry experienced significant growth,with a surge in the number of engraving shops and increased commercial investment.The rise of the Huang family engravers in Huizhou exemplified the trend toward professionalization and literati influence in the industry.During the Qing Dynasty,the engraving industry reached its zenith,with engraving shops expanding in scale and scope.The establishment of engraving guilds,along with the formulation of industry regulations and a shared professional identity,marked the maturation of the socialized division of labor in publishing.This evolution not only enhanced the efficiency of the publishing industry but also reflected the changing social status of artisans and the liberation of cultural productive forces.

关 键 词：刻字铺 刻字业 古代出版 社会化分工 

分 类 号：G239.29[文化科学]