海水碱度提升技术综述及协同实施路径展望  

Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Technology and Outlook of Synergistic Application Pathways:A Review

作　　者：黄宝蓉 周哲[3,4] 褚华强 代朝猛[5] 杨守业[3,4] 张亚雷[1,2] HUANG Baorong;ZHOU Zhe;CHU Huaqiang;DAI Chaomeng;YANG Shouye;ZHANG Yalei(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Shanghai 200092,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;School of Ocean and Earth Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;College Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092 [3]同济大学海洋地质全国重点实验室,上海200092 [4]同济大学海洋与地球科学学院,上海200092 [5]同济大学土木工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2025年第1期68-81,共14页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFF0800504);同济大学交叉学科项目(编号:2023-1-YB-04);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42306052)资助.

摘　　要：碳中和是应对全球气候变化的重要手段,而负排放技术是实现碳中和目标的关键一环。海洋作为地球上最大的活跃碳库,在负排放技术开发中有着巨大潜力,为实现碳中和目标提供了重要支撑。其中,海水碱度提升技术被认为是一种高效且兼具生态效益的负排放技术,即通过人为投加碱性物质提高表层海水碱度,在促进海洋吸收CO_(2)的同时,缓解海洋酸化。基于海洋碳酸盐平衡体系等理论基础,概述了海水碱度提升技术的基本原理,并结合国内外研究进展,总结了不同尺度的研究。从多维度对比评估了该技术的碳汇潜力和成本,指出其在实施路径、生态影响评估和公众接受度等方面的挑战。结合海水碱度提升技术特点和我国沿海地区实际情况,提出了耦合污水处理厂基础设施和海岸带工程等的协同实施路径,为推动海水碱度提升技术的工程应用提供创新思路,进一步丰富了发展海洋蓝色碳汇的科学内涵和路径。Carbon neutrality is a crucial strategy for combating global warming,and negative emissions technologies are key to achieving this goal.As the largest carbon reservoir on Earth,the ocean plays an irreplaceable role in regulating global carbon cycling and holds significant potential for negative emissions.Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a highly efficient and ecologically beneficial negative emissions technology.This technology increases ocean alkalinity by adding alkaline minerals to seawater,thereby enhancing the absorption of atmospheric CO_(2) and improving the buffer capacity to resist ocean acidification.This study introduces the mechanisms and advancements in ocean alkalinity enhancement research at multiple scales based on the dissolution theory of carbonates in the ocean.Assessing the potential for negative emissions and associated costs reveals several challenges regarding implementation pathways,environmental impacts,and public acceptance.Considering the specific conditions of China’s coastal regions and the characteristics of ocean alkalinity enhancement technology,this study proposes a pathway integrated with wastewater treatment plants and coastal engineering.Furthermore,it provides an innovative concept on the application of ocean alkalinity enhancement and enriches the scientific understanding of blue carbon sinks.

关 键 词：碳中和 海洋负排放 碱度提升 污水处理厂 海岸带工程 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]