不断走向成熟的中国公共行政学——中国行政学的发展历程与未来的完善路径  

The Continuous Maturation of Chinese Public Administration:Historical Development and Future Improvement Path

作　　者：尚虎平 陈婧 SHANG Huping;CHEN Jing

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《理论与现代化》2025年第2期5-19,共15页Theory and Modernization

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“重大风险事件中的网络社会心态及引导研究”,项目编号:22JZD028;2023级研究生教育创新计划校级教改项目“新文科背景下‘新技术+学术研究’驱动的‘双型'公共管理类研究生培养模式研究”,项目编号:2023ycjg15。

摘　　要：从历史进程来看,公共行政实践伴随社会公共事务的产生而不断创生新的内容。公共行政学作为揭示、把握和利用公共行政实践规律的科学,萌生于美国,并在其创建之初就被确立为一门治国理政的执行科学。晚清时期,我国开始引进在西方已经发展成熟的行政学理论与知识,并在“西学东渐”的过程中逐渐与中国实践相结合。改革开放前,我国行政学主要致力于学习借鉴西方和苏联的行政模式。直到1982年,大规模的行政体制改革对行政学理论的迫切需求将公共行政学的发展推入了“快车道”。经过40余年的本土化探索,中国公共行政学已经拥有了相对成熟的学科知识体系以及独立的教育科研体系。然而,我国行政学在建设发展中仍然面临着一些历史遗留问题,如专业设置粗放、原创教材缺乏、理论方法相对贫乏等。从学科的长远发展来看,行政学需要以“中国立场”为出发点,完善学科专业体系,构建概念和基础理论体系,从而为行政学提供一条面向国家治理现代化、进行知识再生产的可持续发展路径。From a historical perspective,the practice of public administration has continuously evolved,generating new content alongside the emergence of social public affairs.Public administration,as a science that reveals,grasps,and utilizes the laws of public administrative practice,originated in the United States and was initially established as an executive science for governance.In the late Qing Dynasty,China began to introduce the well-developed theories and knowledge of administrative science from the west,which gradually combined with Chinese practice in the process of"western learning spreading to the east".Before the reform and opening-up,China's public administration primarily focused on learning from the administrative models of the west and the Soviet Union.It was until 1982 that the urgent demand for administrative theories,driven by large-scale administrative system reforms,propelled the development of public administration into a"fast lane".After more than 40 years of localized exploration,China's public administration has developed a relatively mature disciplinary knowledge system and an independent educational and scientific research system.However,the discipline still faces some historical challenges in its development,including unspecialized program offerings,a scarcity of original teaching materials,and relatively underdeveloped theoretical methods.In the long-term development,it is essential to take the"Chinese perspective"as the starting point,improve the disciplinary and professional systems,and thereby construct the concept and basic theory system.This approach will provide a sustainable development path for knowledge reproduction in public administration,oriented towards the modernization of national governance.

关 键 词：公共行政 行政学 公共管理 国家治理 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]