葡萄园行间土壤覆盖方式对土壤理化性质及树体生长的影响  

Effects of Soil Mulching Modes in Vineyard Rows on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Tree Growth

作　　者：孙鹏鹏 查倩[1] 殷向静 简攀煜 蒋爱丽[1] 奚晓军[1] SUN Pengpeng;ZHA Qian;YIN Xiangjing;JIAN Panyu;JIANG Aili;XI Xiaojun(Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第10期115-121,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目“绿色葡萄低碳生产关键技术研究与示范”(2022-02-08-00-12-F01131)。

摘　　要：探究设施条件下不同土壤覆盖方式对葡萄园土壤理化性质及葡萄树体生长的影响,为葡萄园选择最佳的土壤覆盖方式提供理论依据。采用设施避雨栽培模式,以‘阳光玫瑰’为试材,设置5个处理,分别为自然生草、黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、三叶草和园艺地布,以园艺地布为对照处理,于果实成熟期测定不同土壤覆盖方式对土壤理化性质及树体生长的影响。结果表明,与园艺地布相比,自然生草可显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量以及果实可溶性固形物含量和叶片叶绿素含量,黑麦草可显著增加土壤毛管孔隙度、改善土壤团粒结构、提高叶片全氮和全碳含量,紫花苜蓿可显著提高土壤非毛管孔隙度、有机质含量以及降低果实可滴定酸含量,三叶草可显著增加土壤最大持水量、最小持水量、总孔隙度、毛管持水量以及降低土壤容重。综合来看,自然生草和紫花苜蓿在提高葡萄园土壤物理性质、养分含量及果实品质方面有较好的效果,但从人工成本投入方面考虑,紫花苜蓿优于自然生草。The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different soil mulching modes on soil physicochemical properties and vine growth in vineyards,and to provide theoretical basis for selecting the best soil mulching mode in vineyards.The effects of different soil mulching modes on soil physicochemical properties and tree growth were measured at the fruit maturity stage by using‘Sunshine Muscat’as the test material,and planting ryegrass,alfalfa and clover in row under the rain protection cultivation mode.The results showed that compared with the control(horticultural field cloth),natural grass significantly increased the contents of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,soluble solid content of fruit and chlorophyll content of leaves;ryegrass significantly increased soil capillary porosity,improved soil aggregate structure,and increased leaf total nitrogen and carbon content;alfalfa significantly increased soil non-capillary porosity,organic matter content and decreased fruit titrable acid content;clover significantly increased the maximum water holding capacity,minimum water holding capacity,total porosity,capillary water holding capacity and reduced soil bulk density.In summary,natural grass and alfalfa have better effects on improving soil physical properties,nutrient content and fruit quality in vineyards,but alfalfa is better than natural grass in terms of labor cost.

关 键 词：葡萄园 行间土壤覆盖 土壤物理性质 土壤养分 果实品质 叶片生长 叶柄生长 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]