养殖工船离心式吸鱼泵内部流场仿真与试验  

Simulation and experiment of the internal flow field of the centrifugal fish suction pump on aquaculture ship

作　　者：陈卿 李德堂 谢永和 高炜鹏 王君 张佳奇 刘平[3] 洪永强 CHEN Qing;LI Detang;XIE Yonghe;GAO Weipeng;WANG Jun;ZHANG Jiaqi;LIU Ping;HONG Yongqiang(School of Naval Architecture and Maritime,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,Zhejiang,China;School of Marine Engineering Equipment,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,Zhejiang,China;Fishery Machinery and Instruments Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学船舶与海运学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]浙江海洋大学海洋工程装备学院,浙江舟山316022 [3]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2025年第2期29-36,共8页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划海洋智能装备关键技术、装备及示范“深远海集约化养殖配套智能装备研发与示范应用(2022C03023)”。

摘　　要：相对于水产养殖网箱敞开式的空间,养殖工船空间封闭狭窄,难以容纳体积庞大的吸鱼泵作业设备。目前离心式吸鱼泵与真空式、射流式相比,具有结构紧凑、安装作业灵活和吸鱼全程不脱离水等优势,特别适合用于养殖工船。为了解决养殖工船中鱼类损伤最小化和提升捕鱼效率的问题,开发了一款口径为200 mm的离心式吸鱼泵。采用计算流体动力学-离散元法(CFD-DEM)分析叶轮的流场特性,优化吸鱼泵的性能。结果显示:泵内鱼体流动均匀,流速分布良好,且无明显流速差异;流线分布均匀,无鱼体挤压和堵塞的情况;同时,泵道内压力分布均匀,不会对鱼体造成过大的伤害。吸鱼泵试验测试显示,在出口端用网袋分离鱼水,仅有少量鱼有轻微擦伤,疑似分离时被网袋刮伤,无叶轮擦伤的痕迹,满足无损活鱼输送要求。研究表明,离心式吸鱼泵可通过调整口径和转速,可以适应不同鱼类,减少作业损伤,降低劳动强度,提高捕鱼效率和存活率。Compared with the open space of the aquaculture cage,the space of the aquaculture ship is closed and narrow,which is difficult to accommodate the huge suction pump operation equipment.At present,the centrifugal suction pump has the advantages of compact structure,flexible installation and not out of water during the whole fishing process compared with the vacuum type and jet flow,which is especially suitable for the aquaculture ship.To address the challenge of minimizing fish damage and enhancing the efficiency of fish collection in aquaculture ship,a low-damage fish suction pump with import and outlet diameter of 200 mm has been developed.The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)is used to analyze the flow field characteristics of the impeller and optimize the performance of the suction pump.Flow line distribution is uniform,no fish body extrusion and blockage;at the same time,the pressure distribution in the pump channel is uniform,and it will not cause too much damage to the fish.The fish suction pump test,at the outlet end with a net bag to separate the fish water,the results show that only a small number of fish has slight scratches,suspected to be scratched by a mesh bag during the separation,and no trace of impeller scratches,meet the non-destructive live fish transport requirements.The results show demonstratesthat the fish suction pumps can be adapted to accommodate various fish species by adjusting the pump s import diameter and rotational speed.This customization minimizes fish injury,reduces the physical labor intensity required,and enhances both the efficiency of fish harvesting and the survival rate of the caught fish.

关 键 词：养殖工船 离心式吸鱼泵 CFD数值模拟 流场特性 试验验证 

分 类 号：S951[农业科学—水产养殖]