水产养殖轨道式精准饲料投喂系统设计与试验  

Design and experiment of rail-type precision bait feeding system for aquaculture

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作  者:朱明[1,2,3] 孙勇健 雷翔 牛鹏基 赵振鹏 万鹏 ZHU Ming;SUN Yongjian;LEI Xiang;NIU Pengji;ZHAO Zhenpeng;WAN Peng(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facility Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Middle and Lower reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区:[1]华中农业大学工学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业农村部水产养殖设施工程重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [3]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出  处:《渔业现代化》2025年第2期78-89,共12页Fishery Modernization

基  金:湖北省农机装备补短板核心技术应用攻关项目“淡水鱼设施化养殖智能投饵关键技术与装备研发”(HBSNYT202217);湖北省科学技术厅重大科技专项“淡水水产高效养殖技术研究与集成示范”(2023BBA001)。

摘  要:针对水产养殖过程中饲料投喂劳动强度大、投喂不均匀、效率低等问题,设计了一款基于地轨的轨道式精准饲料投喂系统,整套系统集机械结构设计、自动控制系统、上位机监视投喂信息管理系统于一体。通过对系统的行走装置、料仓、下料装置、称重装置等主要关键部件进行设计与理论分析,确定了系统的结构参数,基于SIEMENS S7-200 SMART PLC开发了自动控制系统,并以行驶速度、定位精度、投喂速度、投喂精度、饲料破碎率为试验指标进行饲料投喂试验。结果显示:系统运行稳定可靠,可以顺利自动启停,行驶速度为12.7 m/min,定位精度误差范围在39~58 mm,投喂速度为3.31 kg/min,投喂精度误差<0.63%,饲料破碎率低于1%。整个投喂全程自动化运行,上位机能够实时监视系统的行驶过程和投喂过程。研究表明,该系统提高了饲料利用率,降低了劳动成本和投饲成本,同时一体化的投饲设备能更好管理使用,为水产养殖自动化提供了可行方案。Targeting the issues of high labor intensity,uneven feed distribution,and low efficiency in aquaculture feeding,a ground-rail-based rail-type precision feeding system was designed.This system integrates mechanical design,automatic control,and upper-computer monitoring with feeding management.Key components like the traveling,silo,feeding,and weighing devices were designed and analyzed to determine structural parameters.An automatic control system using SIEMENS S7-200 SMART PLC was developed,and tests on driving speed,positioning accuracy,feeding speed,feeding accuracy,and feed crushing rate were conducted.Results show the system runs stably,starts/stops automatically,moves at 12.7 m/min,has a positioning accuracy error of 39-58 mm,feeds at 3.31 kg/min,with a feeding accuracy error<0.63%and a feed crushing rate<1%.The entire feeding process is automated,with real-time monitoring by the upper computer.This system boosts feed utilization and cuts labor and feeding costs.Its integrated design improves management and offers a viable solution for aquaculture automation.

关 键 词:轨道式投饲系统 水产养殖 定位 定时定量 PLC 精准投喂 

分 类 号:S969.31[农业科学—水产养殖]

 

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