“四部法”视野下戏曲书归类的分歧及其逻辑涵蕴——以明清公私综合书目、书志为中心的考察  

The Disagreements and Logical Connotation in the Classification of Chinese Opera Books from the Perspective of“Four-part Categorization”:An Investigation Focusing on the Public and Private Comprehensive Bibliographies and Book Records in Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：陈志勇[1,2] CHEN Zhiyong

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国非物质文化遗产研究中心 [2]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期15-33,共19页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清戏曲选本叙录与珍稀版本集成研究”(23&ZD283)。

摘　　要：明清时期戏曲已成为社会各个阶层文化生活的重要组成部分,官方和私人皆藏有丰富的戏曲类书籍。各家藏书目是否著录戏曲,或在经史子集之内,还是之外另立新目著录,映照出知识精英对戏曲文体特征和书籍性质的认知与判断。在“四部分类法”视野下,目录学家依据“因近附类”和“向内识类”两种理路完成戏曲的定位与归类。戏曲在公私书目中从“四部”皆可入到基本固定在“集部·词曲类”的归类变化,是目录学和官学双重知识体系下戏曲文体观念作用的结果,体现出戏曲与图书分类、戏曲与知识管理之间的互动。In the Ming and Qing dynasties,some public and private bibliographic records record opera but some do not.Those who record opera can be divided into two situations.Firstly,opera can randomly enter“classics”,“histories”,“philosophies”and“collections”.Secondly,opera is set into a new category in addition to“four categories”.There are different ways of finding a place for opera out of“four categories”,such as“the attachment outside‘four categories’”(directly taking opera as an appendix to the whole bibliography),“forming an independent part”(giving opera and“four categories”the treatment as paralleling categories),and“temporarily following a new category”(attached to a new department out of“classics”,“histories”,“philosophies”,and“collections”).They are a kind of deformation or flexible treatment to the“four-part categorization”made by bibliographers to adapt to the development of books.The record of drama in“four categories”has its internal logic,which is mainly embodied in two kinds of logic:“attached to a category with similar nature”and“identifying the category based on its inner quality”.“Attached to a category with similar nature”mainly refers to a record method that will attach opera based on its feature of literature genre to documents with similar nature,such as attaching opera to novels,Ci,and non-dramatic songs when the bibliographer is unsure of how to classify opera.“Identifying the category based on its inner quality”refers to searching for corresponding relationships between“four categories”and opera and thus making a reasonable classification of opera books through realizing and recognizing the inner quality and outer characterization of opera.The change in the classification of opera in public and private bibliographies from“four categories”that can be arbitrarily entered to mainly fixed in“lyrics and songs from‘collections’”is a result of the literary genre of opera under the dual knowledge system of

关 键 词：四部分类法 戏曲书归类 文体观念 藏书目录 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]