国际投资法框架下数据资产保护的可能与路径  

The Feasibility and Path of Data Asset Protection in the Framework of International Investment Law

作　　者：石雨阳 SHI Yuyang

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期92-106,共15页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：数据资产是以数据为载体,由企事业单位、政府机构等合法拥有或控制,可进行计量或交易,能直接或间接带来经济效益和社会效益的数字化资源。国际投资法为数据资产的保护提供了可能。通过分析Einarsson诉加拿大案,可以发现:数据作为资产在国际投资争端解决中心的仲裁第一案中,涉及数据资产作为受保护投资的适格性、公平公正待遇条款的适用、作为间接征收行为的数据披露、数据资产的估值与赔偿等问题。需要从正视数据所有权对数据资产在国际投资保护中的影响、重视公平公正待遇条款与东道国数据监管稳定性之间契合性、构建间接征收数据资产行为的认定标准、确立国际投资仲裁中数据资产赔偿的估值标准等方面破解难点,以为数据资产在国际投资法框架下获得保护提供新思路,并促进数据资产的合法有效利用。In the era of big data,data is an important strategic resource and its value is constantly mined and created,becoming a new asset.Data assets are digital resources that are legally owned or controlled by enterprises,public institutions,and government agencies and can be measured or traded.It can directly or indirectly create economic and social benefits.International investment law offers a framework for the protection of data assets.The“open”definition of investment in investment agreements allows for the inclusion of investors data assets under the protective scope of these agreements,thereby facilitating comprehensive protection across various forms of investment and enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of investment agreements.Through the analysis of Einarsson v.Canada,it can be found that data,as assets in the first arbitration case of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,involved issues such as the eligibility of data assets as protected investments,the application of fair and equitable treatment clauses,the disclosure of data as indirect expropriation,and the valuation and compensation of data assets.Difficulties need to be solved from such aspects as facing squarely the impact of data ownership on data assets in international investment protection,attaching importance to the compatibility between fair and equitable treatment clauses and the stability of data supervision in host countries,building the identification criteria for indirect collection of data assets,and establishing the valuation criteria for data asset compensation in international investment arbitration.To provide new ideas for protecting data assets in the international investment framework and promote the legitimate and effective use of data assets.International investment law provides protection and dispute-resolution mechanisms for dealing with cross-border investments,and the inclusion of data asset protection can ensure that the management and use of data are regulated reasonably and uniformly acros

关 键 词：数据资产 国际投资法 ICSID仲裁 保护路径 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]