越窑遗址出土青瓷的物化组成与制备工艺的对比研究  

Comparative Study on the Physical and Chemical Composition and Preparation Technology of Celadon Unearthed from the Yue Kiln Site

作　　者：赵可心 王芬[1,2] 罗晨琛[1,2] 朱建锋 任肇[1,2] 王莹 王甜 ZHAO Kexin;WANG Fen;LUO Chenchen;ZHU Jianfeng;REN Zhao;WANG Ying;WANG Tian(School of Conservation Science and Technology for Culture Heritage,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Underground Cultural Relics Protection,Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院文物保护科学与技术学院,西安710021 [2]地下文物保护材料与技术教育部重点实验室,西安710021

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》2025年第4期56-66,共11页China Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(62205191,52272019,52272020);陕西省教育厅重点科研项目(22JY008);陕西省自然科学基础研究项目(2023WGGZJ-YB-45)。

摘　　要：为揭示晋代先越窑和唐五代越窑出土青瓷制备工艺的异同,采用超景深光学显微镜、X射线荧光光谱仪、色度仪、紫外–可见–近红外分光光度计和X射线光电子能谱仪,对比分析了晋代与唐五代越窑青瓷胎釉的微观结构、化学组成、釉中着色元素价态及配位,揭示了晋代与唐五代青瓷胎釉的原料特征与釉面呈色的异同。研究结果表明:(1)晋代青瓷胎中呈色元素Ti、Fe含量比唐五代的高,这是导致前者胎色灰黄而后者胎色为浅灰的一个原因。(2)二者釉中Ca含量均较高(12.0~16.4 wt%),属于高钙釉,同时唐五代釉中P、Mg元素含量比晋代的高,这说明唐五代时期可能广泛使用了草木灰作为助熔剂。(3)晋代青瓷呈黄绿色,唐代青瓷呈青偏黄色,五代青瓷呈绿色,是由于晋代,唐代和五代釉中的Fe^(2+)含量依次升高,致使釉色中绿色占比依次升高。In order to reveal the similarities and differences in the preparation process of celadon unearthed from the Xianyue kiln of the Jin dynasty and the Yue kiln of the Tang-Five dynasties,this study employs techniques such as ultra-depth optical microscope,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,colorimeter,ultravioletvisible-near-infrared spectrophotometer and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer to conduct a comparative analysis of the microstructure,chemical composition,valence state and coordination of coloring elements in the glaze of celadon from the Jin and Tang-Five dynasties.The study revealed the similarities and differences between the raw material characteristics and color presentation of celadon glaze from these periods.The results showed that:(1)The content of coloring elements Ti and Fe in the Jin dynasty celadon body was higher than that in the Tang dynasty,which was one of the reasons why the former was gray-yellow and the latter was light gray.(2)The Ca content in both types of glazes was higher(12.0~16.4 wt%),which belonged to the high-calcium glaze,and the content of P and Mg elements in the glaze of the Tang dynasty was higher than that of the Jin dynasty,which indicated that plant ash may have been widely used as a cosolvent in the Tang dynasty.(3)The celadon of the Jin dynasty appears yellow-green,the celadon of the Tang dynasty appears yellowish-green,and the celadon of the Five dynasties appears green,due to the fact that the Fe2+content in the glaze of the Jin,Tang,and Five dynasties increased sequentially,resulting in the proportion of green in the glaze color increasing sequentially.

关 键 词：越窑遗址 青瓷 化学组成 微观结构 原料特征 釉呈色 

分 类 号：TQ174.43[化学工程—陶瓷工业]