多环芳烃污染土壤的生物强化修复研究进展:聚焦细菌趋化性机制与应用  

Research Progress on Biological Enhancement of Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons:Focusing on Bacterial Chemotaxis Mechanism and Application

作　　者：刘远彤 石悦琪 敖国旭 王兆轩 孙珊珊 LIU Yuantong;SHI Yueqi;AO Guoxu;WANG Zhaoxuan;SUN Shanshan(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region/Key Laboratory of Microbiology,College of Heilongjiang Province/School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院,农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室,黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第11期55-63,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省生态环境厅项目“土壤污染物PET降解菌的协同代谢及修复效果初探”(HST2022TR005);黑龙江省科学技术协会项目“黑龙江省青年科技人才托举工程项目”(2022QNTJ007);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目“聚乙烯微塑料对污染物雌二醇命运的影响及土壤微生物群落的响应机制”(2024-KYYWF-0087)。

摘　　要：多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一类广泛存在于环境中的持久性有机污染物,在土壤中的浓度高达几千微克每千克,已对土壤生态环境造成严重损害。传统的物理和化学修复方法不仅成本高昂,还可能对环境造成二次污染。目前,生物修复已被证明具有清洁、可持续等优点,被广泛应用于PAHs污染的土壤修复中。重要的是,细菌趋化性机制可使得更多的PAHs降解菌主动地移向目标污染物,从而提高微生物对PAHs的生物利用度。因此,本文综述了细菌趋化性如何提高PAHs生物利用性的降解机制,并对未来PAHs微生物降解研究方向从理论和应用方面提出建议,为继续探究细菌趋化性在PAHs降解机制方面提供理论依据。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a class of persistent organic pollutants widely present in the environment.Their concentrations in soil can reach several thousand micrograms per kilogram,causing serious damage to the soil ecological environment.Traditional physical and chemical remediation methods are not only costly,but also potentially cause secondary pollution.Currently,bioremediation has been proven to be clean and sustainable and is widely used for PAHs-contaminated soil remediation.Importantly,the bacterial chemotaxis mechanism enables more PAHs-degrading bacteria to actively migrate towards the target contaminant,thereby improving the bioavailability of PAHs to microorganisms.Therefore,this article reviewed the degradation mechanism of how bacterial chemotaxis can enhance the bioavailability of PAHs and offered suggestions for future theoretical and applied research directions in microbial PAH degradation,providing a theoretical basis for further exploring the degradation mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis in PAHs.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 生物强化 细菌趋化性 土壤环境修复 趋化机制 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]