“苔—藻—SJP”对沙化土地生物结皮恢复的影响  

Impact of“Moss-Algae-SJP”on Restoration of Biological Soil Crusts in Sandy Land

作　　者：秦欣科 李琪 李宇航 张慧媛 何昌龙 黄欣瑞 张威振 雷泞菲 裴向军[1,2,3] QIN Xinke;LI Qi;LI Yuhang;ZHANG Huiyuan;HE Changlong;HUANG Xinrui;ZHANG Weizhen;LEI Ningfei;PEI Xiangjun(State Key Laboratory of Geo-hazard Prevention and Geo-environment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059;College of Ecology and Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059;Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory,Chengdu 610213)

机构地区：[1]地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都理工大学,成都610059 [2]成都理工大学生态环境学院,成都610059 [3]天府永兴实验室,成都610213

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第11期64-73,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“地质灾害防治工程生态耐久关键技术装备研发”(2023YFC3007103);四川省博士后科学基金2023年度特别资助“西部重大工程创面植被恢复对土壤碳固定的影响及其机制”(10900-23BZ26-05);天府永兴实验室组织的科研项目资助“川藏铁路大型渣场立体生态修复关键技术与装备”(2023KJGG05);地质灾害防治与地质环境保护重点实验室开放基金“青藏高原工程创面生态修复中的植物与微生物互馈机制研究”(SKLGP 2022K023);中国华能西藏工程项目“华能高海拔在建工程项目”(JC2022/D01)。

摘　　要：近年来,土地沙漠化已然成为全球最重要且亟待解决的生态环境问题之一。生物结皮能够形成具有一定覆盖面、覆盖厚度和发育较好的保护层,这对沙化土地的生态恢复有益。然而,“生物—化学”联合结皮对沙化土地的影响尚不明确。本研究选取了新疆和田地区沙土,添加SJP有机材料,并搭配不同种类与浓度的苔藓(朵朵藓、星星藓、翡翠藓)以及藻类(固氮鱼腥藻、小颤藻、土生绿球藻)构建沙土结皮层,结合土壤养分含量、酶活性和微生物群落结构特征选取最优配置方案。结果表明,在不同种类和浓度处理下,土壤有机碳、速效钾、有效磷、全氮、全磷及pH含量随着处理时间的增加而持续升高;相较于空白对照组,土壤酶活性总体上有所提高;各结皮层土壤对土壤微生物多样性的改变具有显著作用,其中变形菌门、蓝藻门和厚壁菌门为优势物种。微生物α与β多样性的研究结果显示,各处理组对土壤菌群的多样性有显著的影响,其标志物种的菌群在本属的等级上存在差异。基于主成分分析得到了最优沙土结皮方案为30 g/m^(2)朵朵藓+10 g/m^(2)固氮鱼腥藻。本研究为沙漠化土地的生态修复提供一定技术支撑。In recent years,land desertification has become one of the most important and pressing ecological environmental issues globally,biological soil crusts can form protective layers with a certain coverage,thickness,and well-developed structure,which is conducive to the ecological restoration of desertified land.However,the impact of biological-chemical composite crusts on desertified land remains unclear.This study selected sandy soil from the Hetian region of Xinjiang,constructed soil crust layers by adding SJP organic materials combined with different types and concentrations of mosses(Fissidens sp.,Plagiomnium sp.,Bryum sp.)and algae(Anabaena azollae,Oscillatoria sp.,Trebouxia sp.),and selected the optimal configuration scheme based on soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,and microbial community structure characteristics.The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon,available potassium,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and pH increased continuously with the increase of treatment time under different types and concentrations of treatments.Soil enzyme activity was generally improved compared to the blank control group.The soil crust layers significantly affected soil microbial diversity,with dominant species belonging to Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes.The study on microbial diversity showed that each treatment group had a significant impact on soil bacterial diversity,and the bacterial communities of the signature species differed at the genus level.Based on principal component analysis,the optimal soil crust scheme was determined to be 30 g/m^(2)Fissidens sp.+10 g/m^(2)Anabaena azollae,this study provided certain technical support for the ecological restoration of desertified land.

关 键 词：SJP改性有机材料 生物结皮 土壤养分 土壤酶活 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]