氮肥减量配施生物刺激素对甜叶菊氮素吸收及糖苷含量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Biostimulants on Nitrogen Absorption and Glycoside Content in Stevia Rebaudiana

作　　者：赵玺 宿翠翠 谢忠清 ZHAO Xi;SU Cuicui;XIE Zhongqing(Gansu Academy of Agri-engineering Technology,Lanzhou 730000;Lanzhou New Area Water Affairs Management and Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730300)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,兰州730000 [2]兰州新区水务管理投资集团有限公司,兰州730300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第11期107-116,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目“氮肥减量配施生物刺激素对甜叶菊氮素利用及糖苷含量的影响”(22JR5RA792);甘肃省陇原青年英才项目(省委人才小组发〔2024〕11号);甘肃省自然基金项目(23JRRH0003);甘肃省陇原人才项目(甘组通字〔2024〕4号);甜叶菊高效栽培关键技术的产业化应用与示范(22ZSCQ050)。

摘　　要：研究减氮配施生物刺激素黄腐酸和壳聚糖对甜叶菊生长发育、糖苷含量及氮素吸收的影响,为甜叶菊生产优化施肥方案及提质增效提供理论依据。以甜叶菊为供试材料,设置常规施氮量(300 kg/hm^(2))、减氮20%(240 kg/hm^(2))、减氮40%(180 kg/hm^(2))及不施氮(0 kg/hm^(2))4个施氮水平,分别配施生物刺激素黄腐酸(F)或壳聚糖(C),以等量的水(W)为对照,分析其对甜叶菊生长性状、叶片酶活性、糖苷含量以及氮素吸收等的影响。结果显示:施氮、配施生物刺激素黄腐酸和壳聚糖均能促进甜叶菊生长及叶绿素相对含量及氮素吸收。其中减氮20%配施黄腐酸(N_(0.8)F)处理,其株高为97.0 cm,茎粗为9.19 mm,单株叶片质量为18.70 g,分别较其他处理提高了约12.30%、13.05%、9.76%,叶片及茎秆中氮素吸收量均高于其他处理,配施黄腐酸处理、配施壳聚糖处理及对照处理其RA苷的平均含量分别为10.93%、10.13%、10.80%,Stv平均含量分别为1.04%、1.01%、1.18%,总苷平均含量分别为13.62%、13.38%和13.38%。配施同一生物刺激素的处理中,随着施氮量的减少,其SOD和POD的含量呈降低趋势,但黄腐酸处理效果优于壳聚糖处理。配施壳聚糖处理中减氮40%处理(N_(0.6)C)其株高、茎粗、单株叶片重分别较其他施氮水平提高11.92%、9.57%和8.66%,SOD、POD含量分别提高9.12%和7.81%。综合分析减氮配施生物刺激素对甜叶菊的影响,减氮20%配施黄腐酸(N_(0.8)F)处理能有效促进甜叶菊生长,提高叶片中酶的活性;同时能提高叶片中RA苷的含量,降低Stv苷的含量,提高RA/总苷的比值,从而提高甜叶菊品质;减氮20%能够提高植株对氮素的吸收,提高氮素利用效率。The study was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with the biostimulants of fulvic acid and chitosan on the growth and development,glycoside content,and nitrogen uptake of Stevia rebaudiana,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing fertilization practices and enhancing quality and efficiency in Stevia production.Stevia rebaudiana was used as the test material,and four nitrogen fertilization levels were set,including conventional nitrogen application(300 kg/hm^(2)),20%nitrogen reduction(240 kg/hm^(2)),40% nitrogen reduction(180 kg/hm^(2))and no nitrogen application(0 kg/hm^(2)).These were supplemented with either the fulvic acid(F)or chitosan(C),with an equal amount of water(W)serving as the control.The impacts on Stevia rebaudiana growth characteristics,leaf enzyme activities,glycoside content,and nitrogen uptake were analyzed.The results showed that nitrogen application,as well as the combination with fulvic acid and chitosan,promoted Stevia rebaudiana growth,relative chlorophyll content,and nitrogen uptake.Specifically,the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction supplemented with fulvic acid(N_(0.8)F)resulted in a plant height of 97.0 cm,stem diameter of 9.19 mm,and leaf mass per plant of 18.70 g,which were approximately 12.30%,13.05% and 9.76% higher than other treatments,respectively.Nitrogen uptake in both leaves and stems was higher than in other treatments.The average contents of rebaudioside A(RA)in the treatments supplemented with fulvic acid,chitosan,and the control were 10.93%,10.13% and 10.80%,respectively;the average contents of stevioside(Stv)were 1.04%,1.01% and 1.18%,respectively;and the average total glycoside contents were 13.62%,13.38% and 13.38%,respectively.Among treatments supplemented with the same biostimulant,as nitrogen application decreased,the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)tended to decrease,with fulvic acid showing better effects than chitosan.In the chitosan-supplemented treatments,the 40% nitrogen reducti

关 键 词：甜叶菊 减氮 生物刺激素 黄腐酸 壳聚糖 糖苷含量 氮素吸收 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]