不同水旱轮作模式对设施土壤盐分、养分含量及后茬蔬菜生长的影响  

Effect of Different Irrigation and Drought Rotation Patterns on Soil Salinity and Nutrient Content and Subsequent Vegetable Growth

作　　者：沈建国 倪进庄 楼玲 邵玉静 王京文 杨文叶 马良浩 SHEN Jianguo;NI Jinzhuang;LOU Ling;SHAO Yujing;WANG Jingwen;YANG Wenye;MA Lianghao(Service Station of Eco-agriculture and Plant Protection in Yuhang District,Hangzhou 311121;Hangzhou Manshanhong Vegetables and Fruits Professional Cooperative,Hangzhou 311118;Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 310020;Hangzhou Bay Litang Lotus Root Professional Cooperative,Hangzhou 311108)

机构地区：[1]杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站,杭州311121 [2]杭州满山红蔬果专业合作社,杭州311118 [3]杭州市农业技术推广中心,杭州310020 [4]杭州湾里塘莲藕专业合作社,杭州311108

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第11期117-122,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目“蔬菜连作障碍治理技术研究与示范”(202209SX15)。

摘　　要：为探索不同作物轮作对土壤次生盐渍化的改良效果,以设施蔬菜连作模式作为对照,比较研究了蔬菜—水稻、蔬菜—茭白和蔬菜—莲藕3种不同水旱轮作模式下的土壤改良效果和对后茬青菜生长的影响。结果显示:水旱轮作处理后次生盐渍化的土壤盐分显著减少,整个土层盐分含量平均下降了29.3%,与对照处理相比,各水旱轮作处理的表层土壤可溶性盐含量平均降幅高达56.6%;水旱轮作处理土壤pH有所提升,而有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量也有所降低,有效磷降幅高达31.8%,有效缓解了设施土壤的磷素富集,这些改善有助于促进后茬作物青菜的生长。3种水旱轮作模式相比较:蔬菜—水稻轮作的土壤洗盐效果较好,其整个土层和土壤表层盐分别较对照下降了31.0%和57.9%,对后茬青菜的促长效果较佳,平均增产8.2%;蔬菜—莲藕轮作的土壤降酸效果最好,其表层土壤pH提升了0.48个单位;而蔬菜—茭白轮作的土壤减磷效果更佳,其表层土壤有效磷含量下降了44.4%。在设施蔬菜上实行水旱轮作,能有效缓解土壤次生盐渍化和连作障碍程度,助推农民增收和农业增效。In order to explore the improvement effect of different crop rotation on soil secondary salinization,the soil improvement effect and the effect on the growth of later vegetables under three different irrigation and drought rotation modes were compared with the vegetable continuous cropping mode.The results showed that the salt content of secondary salinized soil decreased significantly after the rotation treatment which decreased by 29.3%in the whole soil layer and 56.6% in the surface soil.The pH value of soil was increased,while the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium were decreased.The content of available phosphorus was decreased by 31.8%.These improvements were helpful to promote the growth of later crops.Compared with the three irrigation and drought rotation modes,the soil salt washing effect of vegetablerice rotation was better and the salt of the whole soil layer and soil surface decreased by 31.0% and 57.9%,respectively.The growth promotion effect of the later vegetables was better with an average increase of 8.2%.The soil of vegetable-lotus root rotation had the best acid reduction effect,and its pH of surface soil increased by 0.48 units.However,the soil of vegetable-wild rice stem rotation had better phosphorus reduction effect,the surface soil available phosphorus content decreased by 44.4%.Implementing water and dryland rotation in facility vegetables can effectively alleviate the degree of secondary soil salinization and continuous cropping obstacles.And it can promote farmers'income growth and agricultural efficiency improvement.

关 键 词：设施栽培 水旱轮作 土壤盐分 养分含量 蔬菜生长 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]