生物炭基肥料减量基施对中低产田水稻产量、养分吸收和经济效益的影响  

Effects of Reducing Biochar Based Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield,Nutrient Uptake and Cost-benefit in Middle-low Yield Field

作　　者：肖卓熙 张智 刘东海[1,2] 乔艳 李世涛[1] 胡诚 XIAO Zhuoxi;ZHANG Zhi;LIU Donghai;QIAO Yan;LI Shitao;HU Cheng(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064;National Agricultural Experimental Hongshan Station for Soil Quality,Wuhan 430064)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]国家土壤质量洪山观测实验站,武汉430064

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第11期123-131,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“长江中下游坡耕地红黄壤与中低产稻田产能提升技术模式及应用”(2021YFD1901200);2023年度“湖北省博士后尖端人才引进计划”项目。

摘　　要：为探讨生物炭基肥料在中低产田水稻生产上增产提效的应用潜力,在湖北阳新和沙市地区以中低产稻田为研究对象,通过大田小区试验,设置不施肥(CK)、习惯施肥(F)、习惯施肥+生物炭(FB)、生物炭基肥料(BF1)、生物炭基肥料减量10%(BF2)、生物炭基肥料减量20%(BF3)6个处理,研究生物炭基肥料减量基施对水稻产量、养分吸收和经济效益的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭基肥料增加了中低产田水稻产量和秸秆生物量,其中BF1处理相较于F处理显著增加了水稻产量,在中产田和低产田分别提高11.09%和9.51%;生物炭基肥料处理促进了水稻对养分的吸收,在中低产田BF1和BF2处理的水稻地上部氮、磷累积量均高于F处理;同时,BF1和BF2处理相较于F处理显著提高了中产田的氮、磷、钾肥表观利用率和低产田的磷、钾肥表观利用率,其中,在中产田BF2处理氮肥表观利用率最高,为38.99%,比F处理提高了29.41%;另外,BF1和BF2处理增加了中低产田水稻种植收益,其中BF1处理经济效益最高,在低产田和中产田较F处理分别增收560.7元/hm^(2)和1460.3元/hm^(2)。综上,生物炭基肥料减量0%~10%施用可以提高水稻产量和肥料利用效率、增加农户种植收益,适用于中低产田水稻生产。To explore the application potential of biochar based fertilizer to increase the yield and income of rice production in middle-low yield field,field plot experiments were conducted in Yangxin and Shashi area of Hubei Province.The effects of no fertilization(CK),customary fertilization(F),customary fertilization+biochar(FB),biochar based fertilizer(BF1),biochar based fertilizer reduction of 10%(BF2)and biochar based fertilizer reduction of 20%(BF3)on rice yield,nutrient uptake and cost-benefit were studied.The results showed that the application of biochar based fertilizer increased rice yield and straw biomass,and BF1 treatment significantly increased rice yield compared with F treatment,which increased by 11.09% and 9.51%in middle and low yield fields,respectively.Biochar based fertilizer treatment promoted the nutrient uptake of rice,the above-ground N and P accumulations of rice treated with BF1 and BF2 were higher than those treated with F.At the same time,compared with F treatment,BF1 and BF2 treatment significantly improve the apparent recovery rates of N,P and K in middle yield field and the apparent recovery rates of P and K in low yield field.And,BF2 treatment had the highest apparent recovery rate of N(38.99%)in middle yield field,which was 29.41% higher than that of F treatment.In addition,BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the income of rice planting in middle-low yield fields,among which BF1 treatment had the highest income,with an increase of 560.7 yuan/hm^(2)and 1460.3yuan/hm^(2)compared with F treatment in low and middle yield fields,respectively.In conclusion,the application of 0%-10% reduction of biochar based fertilizer can improve rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency,and increase farmers’planting income,which is suitable for rice production in middle-low yield field.

关 键 词：水稻 生物炭基肥料 中低产田 养分吸收 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学]