大通牦牛和阿什旦牦牛生长性状相关遗传标记的验证  

Validation of Genetic Markers Related to Growth Traits in Datong Yak(Bos grunniens) and Ashidan Yak

作　　者：马万浩 马晓玲 孙武 殷满财 景建武 胡广卫 李鸿康 赵寿保 马海福 韩鹏 张有柱 张君[1] MA Wan-Hao;MA Xiao-Ling;SUN Wu;YIN Man-Cai;JING Jian-Wu;HU Guang-Wei;LI Hong-Kang;ZHAO Shou-Bao;MA Hai-Fu;HAN Peng;ZHANG You-Zhu;ZHANG Jun(Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Yak Breeding Extension Service Center,Xining 810100,China;Qinghai Animal Husbandry Station,Xining 810001,China;Datong Comprehensive Experimental Station,Xining 810100,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省牦牛繁育推广服务中心,西宁810100 [3]青海省畜牧总站,西宁810001 [4]大通综合试验站,西宁810100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2025年第4期814-822,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：财政部和农业部-国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37);2022年度青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划(领军人才)(QHKLYC-GDCXCY-2022-063);青海省2021年牦牛育种联合攻关项目(青农财[2021]82号)。

摘　　要：结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)、CREB调节转录辅激活因子3 (CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3,CRTC3)和跨膜蛋白18 (transmembrane protein 18,TMEM18)在哺乳动物生长发育中发挥着重要作用。为了确定大通牦牛(Bos grunniens)和阿什旦牦牛群体中与生长性状相关的遗传标记及其基因多态性,本研究采用DNA一代测序技术对CTGF、CRTC3和TMEM18基因的5个位点进行了SNP检测及基因分型,并对多态位点的基因型与牦牛生长性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在大通牦牛和阿什旦牦牛群体中,CTGF基因的G2511A位点存在2种基因型,CRTC3基因的C86041T、G86075A位点和TMEM18基因的C1267T、C4447T位点各存在3种基因型;CRTC3基因C86041T位点和TMEM18基因C4447T位点均显示中度多态性(0.25<PIC<0.50)。但是,在χ^(2)检验中发现,上述5个SNP位点在2个牦牛群体内均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,提示2个群体经历了长期人工选择。生长性状的关联分析显示,CTGF基因G2511A位点与体高显著相关(P<0.05);CRTC3基因的2个SNP与体重显著相关(P<0.05),且G86075A位点与体高和胸围显著相关(P<0.05);TMEM18基因的2个SNP与体重显著相关(P<0.05)。因此,上述生长性状相关SNP位点与大通牦牛和阿什旦牦牛的生长性状具有相关性,可作为分子标记辅助选择的候选基因。本研究为牦牛育种改良提供了潜在的遗传标记。Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3(CRTC3),and transmembrane protein 18(TMEM18) play crucial roles in the growth and development of mammals.To identify genetic markers and gene polymorphisms associated with growth traits in the populations of Datong yak(Bos grunniens) and Ashidan yak,Sanger sequencing technology was used to detect and genotype 5 SNPs in the CTGF,CRTC3 and TMEM18 genes in Datong yak and Ashidan yak populations,and the association between the genotypes of polymorphic sites and growth traits were analyzed.The results showed that there were 2 genotypes at the G2511A loci of the CTGF gene in Datong yak and Ashidan yak populations,3genotypes at the C86041T,G86075A loci of the CRTC3 gene,and 3 genotypes at the C1267T,C4447T loci of the TMEM18 gene.Among them,both the C86041T loci of the CRTC3 gene and the C4447T loci of the TMEM18 gene were moderately polymorphic(0.25<PIC<0.50).However,the Chi-square test revealed that none of the 5 SNPs reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the 2 yak populations,suggesting that the 2populations have undergone long-term artificial selection and breeding.The association analysis of growth traits showed that the G2511A loci of the CTGF gene was significantly correlated with body height(P<0.05);2 SNPs of the CRTC3 gene were significantly associated with body weight(P<0.05),and the G86075A loci was significantly correlated with both body height and chest circumference(P<0.05);2 SNPs of the TMEM18gene were significantly associated with body weight(P<0.05).Therefore,these growth trait-related SNP loci were correlated with the growth traits of Datong yaks and Ashidan yaks,and could be used as candidate genes for molecular marker-assisted selection in future breeding improvement.This study provides potential genetic markers for yak breeding improvement.

关 键 词：大通牦牛 阿什旦牦牛 生长性状 遗传标记 

分 类 号：S813.3[农业科学—畜牧学]