从美国Janelia研究所看面向未来产业新型研发机构研发混合组织模式创新  

A Study of Novel R&D Institutions with Research-Development Hybrid Model for Future Industries from HHMI Janelia Research Campus

作　　者：庄怀玢 ZHUANG Huai-bin(Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京量子信息科学研究院,北京100193

出　　处：《科学管理研究》2025年第2期167-174,共8页Scientific Management Research

摘　　要：以新型研发机构为代表,探索新型体制结构和资助战略来释放科技创新潜力,是世界科技管理研究与实践的前沿。美国霍华德·休斯医学研究所于本世纪初创办的实体新型研发机构Janelia研究所,明确以全盛时期的美国贝尔实验室等先进机构模型为标杆,旨在从事在其他环境中难以追求的高影响力研究。介绍了Janelia的改革创新措施,并着重总结了其在科研组织管理方面不同于传统的机构模式理念和特点。分析指出Janelia在传统主要负责人(PI)制基础上通过机构协同项目促进了一种“基于PI制,超越PI制”的“集中平台式”强协同产学研生产关系,在组织规划与管理上采用“隔离但不孤立”的“研究-开发”共存混合组织模式,特别是对偏重研究与偏重开发的管理单元在组织机构设置中进行单独构建和分类管理,并建立独特机制促进研究在“研究-开发”快速反馈循环中获得蓬勃发展,这是Janelia/贝尔实验室特色模式区别于常规学术界和产业界实验室模式的关键。讨论了这种特色机构模式所适宜的领域及所处阶段条件共性特点,进一步结合我国加快发展未来产业新质生产力的现实需求,指出Janelia的经验做法对其他处于初至中等技术成熟度的新兴颠覆性技术领域(例如量子科技)的借鉴意义与启示,并提出了借鉴建议。Represented by novel R&D institutions,exploring new institutional structures and funding strategies to unleash the potential of scientific and technological innovation is the forefront of the world's science and technology management research and practice.Janelia Research Campus,inspired by the success of the advanced institutional models such as AT&T Bell Labs and founded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(HHMI)at the beginning of this century,is a novel R&D institution aiming to carry out high impact research that are dificult to pursue in other environments.This article introduces Janelia's basic founding philosophy and reform measures,and summarizes the characteristics of this non-traditional institution model.The author points that with its Project Teams,Janelia manages to build a'colocalized platform-style'strong synergetic relation amongst academia,research,and industry that is not only based on but also beyond the traditional Principal Investigator(PI)model.From the organizational strategy and management perspective,Janelia applies an"insulate but not isolate'research-development hybrid model,where research and development units are structured and managed separately, while research is nurtured in the rapid research-development cycles of mutual spawning through deliberately designedmechanisms between appropriately porous structures. This is the key to distinguishing this 'Bell-Janelia' characteristic institution model from the traditional models in academia and industry. The commonality of the suitable fields and stageconditions of this characteristic institution model is discussed. Considering the need of accelerating the development of newquality productive forces in future industries,the practices of Janelia could serve as an important template for other emergingdisruptive technology fields (e. g. quantum)that are at the low to intermediate Technology Readiness Level. Suggestions foradopting such insulate but not isolate' research-development hybrid model are proposed.

关 键 词：体制机制创新 新型研发机构 未来产业 新兴颠覆性技术 

分 类 号：G323[文化科学]