太空探索技术公司运载火箭机构技术发展路线分析及启示  

Analysis of the Technological Development Path of SpaceX's Launch Vehicle Mechanisms and Its Implications

作　　者：张毅博 吴会强 张宏剑 于兵 王辰 乐晨 ZHANG Yibo;WU Huiqiang;ZHANG Hongjian;YU Bing;WANG Chen;YUE Chen(Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《宇航学报》2025年第3期631-640,共10页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U24B6005)。

摘　　要：近年来,重复使用运载火箭的高速化发展和航天运输的商业化趋势对运载火箭机构技术的发展提出了迫切需求。美国太空探索技术(SpaceX)公司的机构技术经历了“猎鹰”系列运载火箭和超重-星舰运输系统的演进与验证,已获得了具有重要价值的实证结果。通过剖析SpaceX公司运载火箭机构技术的演化历程、发展路线及未来方向,揭示运载火箭重复使用需求下机构技术发展的关键要素。面向中国运载火箭复用化、商业化的发展,提出面向新功能需求的机构正向设计、面向新性能需求的机构系统优化、面向新产能需求的机构货架建设等的发展路线。In recent years,the swift advancement of reusable launch vehicles and the commercialization trend in space transportation have imposed pressing needs for the progression of launch vehicle mechanism technology.The mechanism technology employed by SpaceX has undergone evolution and validation through the Falcon series of launch vehicles and the Super Heavy-Starship transportation system,yielding valuable empirical findings.By examining the evolution,development trajectory,and future orientation of SpaceX's launch vehicle mechanism technology,the crucial components of mechanism technology development in response to the demand for launch vehicle reuse are unveiled.In light of the progress in China's launch vehicle reuse and commercialization,development pathways are proposed for mechanism forward design to meet new functional requirements,mechanism systematic optimization to fulfill new performance standards,and mechanism shelving construction to address new production capacity needs.

关 键 词：机构技术 猎鹰-9 超重-星舰 重复使用运载火箭 

分 类 号：V475.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]