生物膜技术在河湖生态修复中的创新与实践  

Innovation and Practice of Biofilm-based Technology in the Ecological Restoration of Aquatic Systems

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作  者:王龙飞 张皎皎 王子怡 陈玉东 李轶[1,2] WANG Longfei;ZHANG Jiaojiao;WANG Ziyi;CHEN Yudong;LI Yi(College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes,Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210098,P.R.China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China,Nanjing 210042,P.R.China)

机构地区:[1]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098 [2]浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出  处:《生态环境学报》2025年第4期653-664,共12页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(52170159)。

摘  要:河湖生态修复是当前生态环境保护的关键议题。在河湖复苏的大背景下,基于生物膜技术的系列修复措施展现出显著优势与巨大潜力。该文深入探讨了其在该领域的最新进展与实践成果。其中,生物膜载体的研发与改良至关重要,新型载体材料不断推陈出新,为微生物提供了更优的生长环境;生物膜反应器操作条件的优化同样不容忽视,借由对温度、水流速度等参数的精准调控,生物膜的净化效能可被充分激发;菌藻生物膜技术的优化带来了新机遇,菌藻共生体系能够协同作用,提高对污染物的去除效率;生物膜技术与其他工艺的耦合应用也备受关注,与物理、化学方法相结合,可实现优势互补,全面改善水体质量。在实际应用中,生物膜技术有力促进了河湖生态系统的恢复,显著提升了水体的整体质量和生态健康水平。生物膜技术未来的研究,需深入探究适宜河湖生态修复的生物膜的技术机理,洞悉其净化微观机制,优化载体材料设计和反应器构建,提高生物膜的性能和效率,扩展其在不同环境条件下的应用范畴,为河湖生态修复工作提供更加科学、高效的技术支撑。Restoration of river and lake ecosystems is crucial for current ecological environmental protection.With rapid industrialization and urbanization,rivers and lakes have endured varying degrees of pollution and ecological degradation.However,as people's awareness of environmental protection has been continuously enhanced and the concept of sustainable development has been deeply established in society,the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes has become an urgent task that cannot be delayed.In terms of river and lake restoration initiatives,a series of remediation measures using biofilm technology have gradually emerged,exhibiting significant advantages and substantial potential.Biofilms,which are composed of microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances,can adsorb,degrade,and transform pollutants in water,and play a vital role in water purification.This study conducted an in-depth exploration of the latest progress and practical achievements of biofilm technology in the field of river and lake ecological restoration.First,the research and development of biofilm carriers are of utmost importance.As an essential foundation for the growth of microorganisms,the performance of biofilm carriers directly affects the biofilm formation and stability.The continuous emergence of new carrier materials provides a more suitable growth environment for microorganisms,and enhances the stability and functionality of biofilms.These new materials possess good hydrophilicity,a large specific surface area,and a suitable pore structure,which can effectively adsorb and immobilize microorganisms and promote the rapid formation and stable development of biofilms.For example,some nanomaterials and polymer composite materials have been applied for the preparation of biofilm carriers,which significantly enhances the performance of the carriers and purification efficiency of biofilms.The unique properties of nanomaterials,such as their small particle size and high surface activity,can enhance the adsorption capacity and catalytic

关 键 词:河湖复苏 生物膜技术 水环境治理 生态修复 菌藻生物膜技术 耦合技术 微生物 

分 类 号:X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X524

 

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