社会阶层对环保支付意愿的影响及变迁  

The Influence and Evolution of Social Class on Willingness to Pay for Environmental Protection

作　　者：王晓楠[1] 雷开春[2] WANG Xiaonan;LEI Kaichun

机构地区：[1]上海开放大学公共管理学院,上海2004032 [2]上海社会科学院社会学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期107-124,126,共19页Journal of Nanjing Tech University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“城市居民绿色生活方式转型的社会机制研究”(22BSH037)。

摘　　要：公众参与生态环境治理是推动生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要环节,其中,公众环保支付意愿是衡量公众参与程度的重要指标。本文基于后物质主义价值观理论、富裕假说理论和全球环境主义理论,利用CGSS 2010年和2021年两期调查数据,探讨了社会阶层对我国公众环保支付意愿的影响及其变迁问题。研究发现,2021年,我国公众的整体环保支付意愿相较于2010年有显著提升,同时,不同社会阶层变量对环保支付意愿的影响发生了较大变化。在客观阶层变量中,2010年,收入对环保支付意愿的影响表现出“U”型效应,高职业地位群体的环保支付意愿较高;而2021年,仅专业技术人员的环保支付意愿具有微弱优势,其余所有客观阶层变量对环保支付意愿的影响效应消失。引入主观阶层变量后,客观阶层变量的影响减弱。2010年和2021年,现在主观阶层的影响均不显著,未来主观阶层的影响显著且呈增强趋势;童年主观阶层的显著影响仅在2021年表现出来。结构方程模型进一步揭示了“童年主观阶层—现在主观阶层—未来主观阶层—环保支付意愿”的内在影响路径。研究结果表明,客观阶层式微,现在主观阶层隐匿,童年主观阶层显现,未来主观阶层凸显,揭示了未来主观阶层对环保支付意愿的重要塑造作用。因此,环境保护政策设计应更聚焦长远激励,塑造对未来社会的积极预期,进而激发公众自发、内生、可持续的环境行为。Public participation in ecological and environmental governance is a crucial component in advancing the modernization of ecological and environmental governance systems and capabilities.Among the various indicators of public engagement,willingness to pay for environmental protection(WTP)serves as a significant measure.Drawing on theories of post-materialist values,the affluence hypothesis,and global environmentalism,this study utilizes data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2010 and 2021 to explore the impact of social class on public WTP in China and its evolution over time.The findings reveal a notable increase in overall public WTP in 2021 compared to 2010,alongside significant shifts in the influence of different social class variables on WTP.In terms of objective class variables,income exhibited a"U-shaped"effect on WTP in 2010,with higher occupational status groups demonstrating greater WTP.By 2021,however,only professionals retained a slight advantage in WTP,while the influence of all other objective class variables diminished.The introduction of subjective class variables further attenuated the impact of objective class variables.In both 2010 and 2021,the influence of current subjective class was insignificant,whereas the influence of future subjective class was significant and showed an increasing trend.The significant impact of childhood subjective class only emerged in 2021.Structural equation modeling further elucidated the internal pathway of influence:"childhood subjective class→current subjective class→future subjective class→WTP."The results indicate a decline in the influence of objective class,the latent nature of current subjective class,the emergence of childhood subjective class,and the prominence of future subjective class,highlighting the critical role of future subjective class in shaping WTP.Consequently,environmental protection policies should focus more on long-term incentives,fostering positive expectations for future society,thereby stimulating spontaneous,endogenou

关 键 词：社会阶层 环保支付意愿 公众环境参与 生态环境治理体系 未来主观阶层 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]