全方位扩大国内需求:战略价值、底层逻辑及实践进路——基于财政应对视角  

All-Around Expanding Domestic Demand:Strategic Value,Underlying Logic,and Practical Approach:From the Perspective of Fiscal Response

作　　者：郭晓辉 GUO Xiaohui

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院

出　　处：《新经济》2025年第4期40-53,共14页New Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字经济背景下与新业态发展相适应的税收制度研究”(24SGC093)。

摘　　要：扩大国内需求是我国建设高水平社会主义市场经济体制的关键举措,对于推动经济高质量发展、增强经济内生动力具有深远的战略影响。基于对当前经济社会发展形势的科学研判,党和国家对扩大内需提出“全方位”的新部署,要求对扩大国内需求在认识和实践上更加全面系统化。财政作为国家治理的重要支柱,在宏观经济运行中具有独特的多重属性,在全方位扩大国内需求中责无旁贷,应更加积极有为。从战略价值、底层逻辑和面临的紧迫问题三个方面认识全方位扩大国内需求的重要意义和现实挑战,由此进一步探究财政支持应具有基础性、有效性以及系统协同性等适配特性特征;在此基础上,提出财政须从自身主动转型、培育需求基础、提升供给能力和畅通供需循环机制四个着力点稳步推进,以充分发挥财政在全方位扩大国内需求中的作用,短期应落实好实施更加积极的财政政策工作部署,长期则要不断深化财税体制改革、助力扩大国内需求长效机制构建。Expanding domestic demand is a key measure for building a high-level socialist market economy system,which has profound strategic significance for promoting high-quality economic development and enhancing endogenous economic power.The Party and the state have put forward a new“all-round”plan to expand domestic demand based on scientific analysis of the current economic and social development situation,which requires to be more comprehensive and systematic in understanding and practice of expanding domestic demand.Finance,as the foundation and important pillar of national governance,has unique multiple attributes in macroeconomic governance,it should actively and responsibly expand domestic demand in all aspects.This article first comprehensively and systematically recognizes the importance and practical challenges of expanding domestic demand in all aspects from three key aspects:strategic value,underlying logic,and urgent issues faced.Based on this,it further explores the fundamental,effective,and cooperativity adaptation characteristics of finance in expanding domestic demand in all aspects.On this basis,it proposes four key points for steady fiscal progress:fiscal transformation from its own initiative,cultivation of demand base,improvement of supply capacity,and smooth circulation mechanism between supply and demand.In order to fully leverage the role of finance in expanding domestic demand,in the short term,we should implement the work deployment of implementing more proactive fiscal policies;while in the long run,we need to continuously deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system and help expand the construction of a long-term mechanism for domestic demand.

关 键 词：全方位 国内需求 投资需求 消费需求 财政应对 

分 类 号：F810[经济管理—财政学]