镉暴露致老年人认知功能损伤及其可能机制的研究进展  

Research Progress on Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Caused by Cadmium Exposure and Its Potential Mechanisms

作　　者：何昊 金子轩 李涵 邹云锋[1] 彭阳 He Hao;Jin Zixuan;Li Han(Department of Health Toxicology,School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Naning 530021,China;Department of Sanitary Chemistry,School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Naning 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理学教研室,南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生化学教研室,南宁530021 [3]广西医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室,南宁530021

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报(医学版)》2025年第2期275-282,共8页Acta Medicinae Universitatis Scientiae et Technologiae Huazhong

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金资助项目(No.42267066);广西科技基地和人才专项(No.桂科AD23026164)。

摘　　要：镉是一种广泛存在的环境污染物,具有极强的生物蓄积性和多系统毒性。老年人作为脆弱群体,长期的镉暴露对其认知功能的损伤尤为显著。该文综述了国内外关于镉暴露与老年人认知功能损伤及阿尔茨海默病的关联研究,并总结了其潜在的生物学机制。目前相关流行病学研究大多采用横断面或病例对照研究设计,多项研究发现镉暴露与老年人认知功能损伤及阿尔茨海默病的患病或死亡相关。镉对神经系统的毒性机制复杂多样,包括损伤血脑屏障、损害线粒体功能、影响突触传递、诱导细胞自噬与凋亡,以及扰乱金属离子稳态和糖原代谢等。虽然许多研究支持镉暴露可能对老年人认知功能的不利影响,但相关结论不完全一致且证据等级较低,潜在的生物学机制也尚未完全阐明。因此,未来亟需开展进一步的前瞻性队列研究和深入的生物学研究,以更好地理解镉暴露对老年人健康的危害。Cadmium is a pervasive environmental pollutant with strong bioaccumulative properties and multisystem toxicity.Elderly individuals,as a vulnerable group,are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of long-term cadmium exposure on cognitive function.This review summarizes domestic and international research on the association between cadmium exposure,cognitive impairment in older adults,and Alzheimer's disease,while also discussing the potential underlying biological mechanisms.Current epidemiological studies predominantly use cross-sectional or case-control designs.Numerous studies have reported that cadmium exposure is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly and an increased incidence or mortality of Alzheimer's disease.The neurotoxic mechanisms of cadmium are complex and varied,including disruption of the blood-brain barrier,impairment of mitochondrial function,interference with synaptic transmission,induction of autophagy and apoptosis,as well as disturbances in metal ion homeostasis and glycogen metabolism.Although numerous studies support the adverse effects of cadmium exposure on cognitive function in the elderly,these conclusions remain controversial,and the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.Therefore,further prospective cohort studies and in-depth biological research are urgently needed to better understand the health risks posed by cadmium exposure in the elderly.

关 键 词：认知功能损伤 阿尔茨海默病 老年人 镉暴露 

分 类 号：R148[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R749.16