机构地区:[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业农村部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站,河南原阳453514 [3]河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站,河南原阳453514 [4]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南郑州450002 [5]洛阳市瀍河回族区乡村振兴监测中心,河南洛阳471000
出 处:《河南农业科学》2025年第3期31-39,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基 金:河南省科技攻关项目(252102110165);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC054,2025ZC103);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2024TD27);河南省中央引导地方项目(Z20231811180)。
摘 要:基于4 a田间定位试验,以不灌水处理为对照(CK),研究传统灌溉(TI)、喷灌(SI)和滴灌(DI)3种灌溉方式对小麦-花生轮作体系作物光合特性、产量及水氮利用率的影响,以期为促进节水灌溉技术在小麦-花生轮作体系中的推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明,灌溉方式对小麦-花生轮作体系作物SPAD值、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、产量及其构成因素和水氮利用率均有显著影响,总体上均以DI处理最高,其次为SI处理。与其他处理相比,DI处理小麦-花生轮作体系作物净光合速率、蒸腾速率和SPAD值分别提高3.3%~105.4%、5.6%~109.6%和1.0%~19.4%;小麦穗粒数、千粒质量和产量分别提高6.9%~21.1%、4.6%~39.2%和9.2%~50.6%;花生单株饱果数、百果质量、出仁率和产量分别提高8.8%~35.5%、2.8%~16.2%、1.7%~5.6%和4.1%~30.1%。不同灌溉方式小麦-花生周年总产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均表现为DI>SI>TI,与TI处理相比,DI处理小麦-花生周年总产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高17.9%、19.8%和17.9%,SI处理分别提高10.1%、15.1%和10.1%。综上所述,在设置研究条件下,滴灌为小麦-花生周年最佳增产增效灌溉方式,其次为喷灌,两者均可以实现产量和水氮利用效率协同提升的目标。Based on a four-year field positioning experiment,three irrigation methods,including traditional irrigation(TI),sprinkler irrigation(SI)and drip irrigation(DI)were used to explore the effects of irrigation methods on crop photosynthetic characteristics,grain yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency under wheat-peanut rotation system,with no irrigation treatment as control(CK),so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the popularization and application of water-saving irrigation technology in wheat-peanut rotation system.The results showed that irrigation methods had significant effects on crop SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,yield and its components,water and nitrogen use efficiency under wheat-peanut rotation system,and DI treatment was the highest among all treatments,followed by SI treatment.Under wheat-peanut rotation system,compared with other treatments,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and SPAD value of DI treatment increased by 3.3%—105.4%,5.6%—109.6%and 1.0%—19.4%,respectively;Grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and grain yield of wheat increased by 6.9%—21.1%,4.6%—39.2%and 9.2%—50.6%,respectively;Number of full pods per plant,100-pod weight,kernel rate and yield of peanut increased by 8.8%—35.5%,2.8%—16.2%,1.7%—5.6%and 4.1%—30.1%,respectively.The annual grain yield,water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen of wheat-peanut showed DI>SI>TI.Compared with TI treatment,the total yield,water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen of wheat-peanut of DI treatment increased by 17.9%,19.5%and 17.9%,respectively,and those of SI treatment increased by 10.1%,14.9%and 10.1%,respectively.In summary,under the condition of this study,drip irrigation is the best irrigation method for increasing yield and efficiency of wheat-peanut,followed by sprinkler irrigation,both of which can achieve the goal of high yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.
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