八棱海棠腐烂病病原菌的分离鉴定、生物学特性研究及防治药剂筛选  

Identification,Biological Characterization and Screening of Prevention and Control Agents of the Pathogens Causing the Rot Disease of Malus × robusta(Carri?re)Rehder

作　　者：杜辰阳 沈凤英[1] 吴俊伟 赵鑫蕊 王雪[2] 吴伟刚[1] DU Chenyang;SHEN Fengying;WU Junwei;ZHAO Xinrui;WANG Xue;WU Weigang(Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Shijiazhuang Agricultural Product Quality Testing Center,Shijiazhuang 050025,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院,河北张家口075000 [2]石家庄市农产品质量检测中心,河北石家庄050025

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2025年第3期99-109,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北北方学院引育博士科研基金项目(BSJJ202214);河北北方学院2022年校级科研项目(XJ2023030)。

摘　　要：以感染腐烂病的八棱海棠为试材,采用组织分离法分离病原菌,并依据柯赫氏法则确定其致病性,结合病原菌形态学特征及rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定病原菌的种类,研究其生物学特性,并通过室内毒力测定从9种常用化学杀菌剂中筛选出对八棱海棠腐烂病病原菌毒力最强的药剂,以期为八棱海棠腐烂病的综合防控提供参考依据。结果表明,从感染腐烂病的八棱海棠中分离获得的2株病原菌HL-23和HL-100均为黑腐皮壳属真菌Valsa mali。采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径分析菌株HL-23和HL-100的生物学特性,结果表明,菌株HL-23和HL-100最适宜在PDA培养基上培养,菌丝生长的最适pH值为5.0,最适温度为25~30℃,适宜在12 h光暗交替条件下生长,最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为磷酸二氢铵。通过室内平板试验测定了苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯等9种常用化学杀菌剂对八棱海棠腐烂病菌HL-23和HL-100的毒力,发现各杀菌剂对HL-23和HL-100这2株同类型病菌菌株的抑制率具有明显差异,抑制效果最好的为苯醚甲环唑,EC50为0.0109~0.0110 mg/L;其次为嘧菌酯,EC50为0.0158~0.0181 mg/L。By using Malus × robusta(Carri?re)Rehd as the test material,the pathogenic fungi were isolated using tissue isolation method,and their pathogenicity was determined according to Koch's postulates.The morphological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis were combined to identify the types of pathogenic fungi,their biological characteristics were investigated,and through indoor toxicity tests,the most virulent chemical fungicides were selected against the pathogenic fungi of Malus × robusta rot disease,in order to provide reference basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of Malus × robusta rot disease.The results showed that the two strains of pathogenic fungi HL-23 and HL-100 isolated from Malus × robusta suffering from canker were both Valsa mali.The biological characteristics of strains HL-23 and HL-100 were analyzed by measuring the colony diameter via the cross-method.The results showed that strains HL-23 and HL-100 were most suitable for cultivation on PDA medium.The optimal pH value for mycelial growth was 5.0,and the optimal temperature was 25—30 ℃.They were suitable for growth under 12 hours of light and dark alternation conditions,the optimal carbon source was sucrose,and the most suitable nitrogen source was ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.The toxicity of nine commonly used chemical fungicides,such as difenoconazole and azoxystrobin,against the pathogenic fungi HL-23 and HL-100 of Malus × robusta rot disease was determined through indoor plate experiments.It was found that the inhibition rates of nine fungicides on the same type of fungal strains HL-23 and HL-100 were significantly different.The best inhibition effect was difenoconazole,with EC50 values of 0.0109—0.0110 mg/L;The second was azoxystrobin,with EC50values of 0.0158—0.0181 mg/L.

关 键 词：八棱海棠腐烂病 病原鉴定 Valsa mali 生物学特性 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S436.611.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]