逃不出的肉身牢笼——从张炜的自然美学看当代乡土写作的伦理悖论  

The Cage of Body that Can’t Escape——From Zhang Wei’s Natural Aesthetics to See the Ethical Paradox of Contemporary Local Writing

作　　者：史鸣威 Shi Mingwei(Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国新文学研究中心

出　　处：《写作》2025年第2期97-109,共13页Writing

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国百年长篇小说的现实关怀与文体变迁研究”(项目编号:22JJD750027)。

摘　　要：张炜以大地为生命的终极归宿,以自然为人类的理想追求。研究者在肯定了张炜的现实批判精神时,却也在其作品的叙事间隙中发现了反启蒙的症候。理解张炜,须重考张炜思想在破坏中寄寓的新生及其在生发之中暗藏的衰颓。张炜从城市返归乡土的思想旅行,在以自然美学为内核的叙事流波中结构了自我循环的逻辑陷阱,客观上形成了无限循环的衔尾蛇图景。从肉身的苦痛出发,张炜追逐着自然所象征的爱、自由、野性,在融入野地的呼唤中,张炜寄希望于以自然拯救蒙难而异化的心灵,祈求人们以自然之音和大地之歌来摆脱历史的重负,跳出长期以来牺牲幸福、苛责人性和道德绑架的伦理困境。然而,张炜追求的自由与爱却回到了身体本能的维度,他所欣羡的乡土风景也笼罩着原乡情结的美化滤镜。因此,这类自然美学最终编织起更庞大精密的肉身牢笼,反倒遮蔽了人们改造城市使之自然化、接地气的可能性。在整个当代乡土写作的宏观层面上,张炜的自然美学作为一种写作的实验,恰好代表了当代乡土写作上的伦理悖论——赞美自然的同时将肉身捧上神坛,而向着德性而出发的写作却导向了流俗。Zhang Wei regards the earth as the ultimate destination of life,and takes nature as the ideal pursuit of human beings.While affirming Zhang Wei’s realistic critical spirit,the researchers also found the symptom of anti enlightenment in the narrative gap of his works.To understand Zhang Wei,we need to reexamine the rebirth of Zhang Wei’s thought in the destruction and the decline hidden in its growth.Zhang Wei’s thought traveling from the city to the hometown constructs a logic trap of self circulation in the narrative flow with the natural aesthetics as the core,and objectively forms an infinite cycle of the picture of Ouroboros.Starting from the pain of the body,Zhang Wei pursues the love,freedom and wildness symbolized by nature.In the call to integrate into the wild,Zhang Wei hopes to save the suffering and alienated soul with nature,and prays for people to get rid of the burden of history with the voice of nature and the song of the earth,and jump out of the ethical predicament of sacrificing happiness,harsh human nature and moral kidnapping for a long time.However,the freedom and love that Zhang Wei pursue return to the dimension of body instinct,and the local scenery he admired also covers the beautification filter of the hometown complex.Therefore,this kind of natural aesthetics eventually weaves a larger and more precise cage of human body,which on the contrary conceals the possibility of people’s transformation of the city to make it natural and grounded.At the macro level of the whole contemporary local writing,Zhang Wei’s natural aesthetics,as an experiment of writing,just represents the ethical paradox of contemporary local writing——praising nature and holding the body on the altar at the same time,while writing towards virtue leads to vulgarity.

关 键 词：张炜 乡土写作 伦理 自然 身体 

分 类 号：H315[语言文字—英语]