陕西省突发公共卫生事件应急能力评价  

Evaluation of emergency response capacity of public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：郑学召 张心怡 童鑫 熊艳玲 苏海蛟 ZHENG Xuezhao;ZHANG Xinyi;TONG Xin;XIONG Yanling;SU Haijiao(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Research institute of National Mine Rescue,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]国家矿山救援西安研究中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2025年第2期211-223,共13页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52174197);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2022R058);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项项目(2023HZ1554)。

摘　　要：为探究突发公共卫生事件应急能力提升路径,基于应急管理全过程理论,遵循“分析-评价-提升”的逻辑,首先,分析突发公共卫生事件特点与发展变化规律,构建包含预防与准备、监测与预警、处置与救援、恢复与重建4项一级指标,以及23项二级指标的评价指标体系;然后结合主成分分析,运用熵权TOPSIS法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)和秩和比法(Rank-Sum Ratio,RSR)构建应急能力评价模型;最后,分析陕西省10个地级市2018-2022年数据,得到各地级市公共卫生事件应急能力评价等级。结果表明:陕西省应急能力分布总体呈现中部高而四周低,北部较高、东南部较低的空间格局;研究期内西安市的应急能力总体表现最优,评分均在0.65以上,其次为榆林、咸阳、铜川和宝鸡;西安市应急能力较为均衡,部分地级市恢复重建能力占比仍有待提升;卫生机构覆盖率、社区卫生服务中心覆盖率和疾病预防控制中心覆盖率为影响突发公共卫生事件管控的最有效因素。研究结果为提升突发公共卫生事件的应对能力提供了一定的实践借鉴。To explore pathways for enhancing emergency response capacity for public health emergencies,and based on the full-process emergency management theory,an“analysis-evaluation-improvement”logic was followed.First,the characteristics and developmental patterns of public health emergencies were analyzed,and an evaluation index system was constructed.This system included primary indicators for prevention and preparedness,monitoring and early warning,response and rescue,and recovery and reconstruction,along with 23 secondary indicators.Then,combining principal component analysis with the entropy weight TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution)method and the Rank-Sum Ratio(RSR)method,an emergency capacity evaluation model was developed.Finally,data from 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi Province from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed to determine the public health emergency response capacity ratings of each city.The results indicate that:spatial analysis reveals an overall pattern of higher capacity in the central regions and lower in the surrounding areas,with higher capacities in the northern regions and lower capacities in the southeastern regions.Temporal analysis indicates that during the study period,Xi’an demonstrates the strongest emergency response capacity,with scores consistently above 0.65,followed by Yulin,Xianyang,Tongchuan,and Baoji.Structural analysis highlights that Xi’an exhibits a relatively balanced emergency capacity,while some cities still require improvement in recovery and reconstruction capabilities.Principal component analysis identifies that the coverage rates of healthcare institutions,community health service centers,and disease prevention and control centers are the most effective factors influencing the management of public health emergencies.The results of the study provide valuable insights for enhancing the response capacity to public health emergencies.

关 键 词：突发事件 应急能力评价 公共卫生 主成分分析法 熵权TOPSIS 秩和比法 

分 类 号：X92[环境科学与工程—安全科学]