极端条件下应急通信系统关键技术  

Key technologies for emergency communication systems under extreme conditions

作　　者：文虎 刘一丹 郑学召 蔡国斌 黄渊 严瑞锦 WEN Hu;LIU Yidan;ZHENG Xuezhao;CAI Guobin;HUANG Yuan;YAN Ruijin(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Research Center of National Mine Rescue,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]国家矿山救援西安研究中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2025年第2期224-235,共12页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52174197);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2021HZ1130,2022R058);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-101)。

摘　　要：针对目前断路、断电、断网等极端条件下的应急通信系统存在的问题以及技术盲点,开展应急通信系统关键技术研究及系统架构设计。首先通过分析灾后断路、断电、断网原因,得出极端条件下应急通信系统三大需求特点;其次对通信系统的可靠性提升、灵活适应、快速部署三大类关键技术进行深入探索,分析了空天地网络切片、网络协同技术等多个技术的业务类型、适用情景及性能特点;然后建立以“空天地一体化”通信系统为主框架,“公专结合、宽窄融合”相辅助的集中冗余型应急通信系统,并提出了涵盖终端层、接入层、网络层和决策层的多层次资源协同管理应急通信方案;最后设计出极端条件下多场景联动、多方式优选的应急通信系统架构流程与应用模式。结果表明:该应急通信系统能够在极端条件下,实现通信网络全覆盖、多源信息实时传输与分析和各层次资源共享,从而提高了应急通信保障能力和快速恢复能力。研究能够为极端条件下应急通信的恢复与保障问题提供可靠的解决方案。Aiming at the existing problems and technical blind spots of the emergency communication system under extreme conditions such as disconnection of roads,power supply and network,we carried out research on the key technologies of the emergency communication system and the design of the system architecture.Firstly,by analyzing the reasons for disconnection of road,power and network after a disaster,three major demand characteristics of the emergency communication system under extreme conditions were obtained;secondly,three key technologies,namely,reliability enhancement,flexible adaptation and rapid deployment of the communication system,were explored,and the business types,applicable scenarios and performance characteristics of various technologies,such as space-air-tandem network slicing and network cooperation technology,were analyzed,and a centralized and redundant emergency communication system based on the main framework of“space-air-ground”and supported by“public-specialized combination and wide-narrow fusion”was established,and a multi-level resource cooperative management scheme covering the terminal layer,access layer,network layer and decision-making layer was proposed.The results show that the emergency communication system can realize full coverage of communication network,real-time transmission and analysis of multi-source information,and resource sharing at all levels under extreme conditions,thus improving the emergency communication guarantee capability and rapid recovery capability.The research can provide a reliable solution to the problem of recovery and guarantee of emergency communication under extreme conditions.

关 键 词：应急通信系统 极端条件 断路断电断网 空天地一体化 应急救援 

分 类 号：X948[环境科学与工程—安全科学]