从抽象化到具象化:基于“目的性给付”的彩礼返还规则体系塑造  

From Abstraction to Concretization:Shaping the System of the Return Rules of Betrothal Gifts Based on“Purposive Payment”

作　　者：徐婧 Xu Jing(School of Law Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期20-29,共10页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：我国的民事法律体系下彩礼返还规则的抽象化规定使得司法实践中存在“按习俗给付”的标准模糊、“酌定”自由裁量权的尺度不一等问题。彩礼给付具有“目的性给付”的权利基础,在婚姻家庭关系与不当得利返还的法律规范体系联动下,“目的给付”“目的实现”“返还请求”之间形成了法律关系的交错。因此,“按习俗给付”的主客观认定标准也应当参酌给付目的的判断标准,从主观层面明确“登记结婚”与“共同生活”,并从客观层面区分“低价赠礼”与“高价彩礼”的二元处置机制。彩礼的“目的性给付”赋予了其人文主义下的规范性内涵,可从“契约—支付”双重分析框架下反思司法实践中的彩礼返还规则的差异化构建,在“轻契约—重支付”“契约—支付相当”“重契约—轻支付”不同类型中突出生活困难、孕育情况、过错考量不同事由的酌定参考作用。provisions of the return rules of betrothal gifts in China’s civil legal system have led to problems in judicial practice,such as ambiguous standards for determining“payment according to customs”and inconsistencies in judicial discretion.The payment of betrothal gifts is grounded in the right of“purposive payment”.Within the interactive legal framework of marriagefamily relationships and the restitution of unjust enrichment,a complex legal relationship emerges between“purposive payment”,“purpose realization”,and“return request”.Therefore,the criteria for determining“payment according to customs”should integrate both subjective and objective considerations relating the purpose of payment.This requires clarifying the subjective conditions of“registered marriage”and“cohabitation”,while objectively distinguishing between“low-value gifts”and“high-value betrothal gifts”through a dual disposal mechanism.“The purposive payment”of betrothal gifts endows them with normative connotations under humanistic principles,providing a foundation for differentiated judicial approaches to betrothal gifts return cases.Through a dual analytical framework of“contractual agreement versus payment”,different models such as“procontract”“contract-payment balance”,and“pro-payment”can be examined.This framework underscores the discretionary reference role of various factors including life difficulties,pregnancy situations,and fault attribution.

关 键 词：彩礼返还规则 目的性给付 自由裁量权 登记结婚 共同生活 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]