疫病阴影下的北美殖民地——《恩惠》中的疾病与医学书写  

North American Colonies under the Shadow of Epidemics——Disease and Medical Writings in A Mercy

作　　者：甘振翎[1] Gan Zhenling(School of Foreign Studies and Cross Cultural Discourse Research Center Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学外国语学院、跨文化话语研究中心,福建福州350108

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期76-84,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：福建省社科基金一般项目“医学人文批评视域下的托尼·莫里森小说研究”(FJ2021B094)。

摘　　要：托尼·莫里森的《恩惠》通过多视角叙述把读者带到了美国历史初期疫病阴影之下的北美殖民地,通过不同肤色底层人物的疾痛经历和生存困境的书写,反映疫病对不同种族人群的影响以及北美殖民初期的医疗状况,不但彰显美国文化来源的多样性,还颠覆了有关天赐瘟疫的神话,揭示殖民医学在殖民扩张和蓄奴制萌芽过程中的帮凶作用。黑人铁匠先于西方种痘技术的天花疗法填补了殖民医学史上黑人医学成就的空白,并突出欧洲传染性病毒和黑人民族医学在美国殖民历史初期的关键地位,从而改写殖民医学史的开端,消解殖民医学的霸权主义,激发读者思考疾病体验的社会建构意义与美国医学发展进程中的种族因素。Toni Morrison’s A Mercy uses multi-perspective narration to take readers to the North American colonies in the early days of American history,under the shadow of the epidemics.Through the suffering and survival struggle of marginalized people of different skin colors,the novel reflects the impact of epidemic disease on different ethnic groups,as well as the medical conditions in the early colonial history of North America.It not only highlights the diversity of American cultural origins,but also subverts the myth of divinely sent plague and reveals the role of colonial medicine as an accomplice in the process of colonial expansion and emerging slavery system.The African blacksmith’s treatment of smallpox,which preceded Western vaccination,fills the gap of the Black people’s contribution in the history of colonial medicine.It highlights the pivotal role of European infectious viruses and African ethnomedicine in the early colonial history.This thereby rewrites the origin of colonial medical history,challenges the hegemony of colonial medicine,and encourages readers to consider the social construction of illness and the racial dynamics in the development of American social medicine.

关 键 词：《恩惠》 疾痛经历 生存困境 殖民医学史 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]