上古汉语“综合”→“分析”演变时的论元与句法结构差异——对“娶/取(娶妻)”“使(派遣)”的个案考察  

Argument and Syntactic Structure Differences in the Evolution from“Synthesis”to“Analysis”in Old Chinese——A Case Study of“Qu(娶)/Qu(取)”and“Shi(使)”

作　　者：张雨涛 Zhang Yutao(College of Art Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期100-107,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“面向上古汉语知识库的出土文献词汇语法研究”(22JJD740003)。

摘　　要：上古汉语从“综合”向“分析”转变时,不同的词会呈现出不同的论元结构及句法面貌。“娶”和“使”相较于其他综合型动词,在汉代语言中已经呈现出较为明显的分析性特征,且论元成分多为泛指性语义;两词在发展过程中对“于”字结构表现出截然相反的取舍。以上现象可以从汉语韵律予以解释,双音化的复音形式、普通重音的指派等因素主导了两词的词汇面貌和句法结构演变。When Old Chinese transitioned from“synthesis”to“analysis”,different words presented different argument structures and syntactic features.Compared with other synthetic verbs,Qu(to marry)and Shi(to dispatch)have shown a relatively prominent analytical features in Han Dynasty Chinese,with their arguments often bearing generalized semantic reference.Notably,the two verbs took opposite paths in their use of structures involving the preposition yu.The above phenomena can be explained from the perspective of Chinese prosody,where factors such as the disyllabic form and the assignment of common stress played a key role in shaping the lexical form and syntactic structure of the two words.

关 键 词：“娶(取)” “使” “于”字结构 重音指派 汉语韵律 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]