贵州煤矿区煤层气(瓦斯)高效抽采关键技术  

Key technologies of efficient extraction of coalbed methane(gas)in Guizhou coal mine area

作　　者：易旺 梁龙军 颜利冲 颜智华 陈捷 高为 娄毅 阳富芹 胡海洋 朱家伟 YI Wang;LIANG Longjun;YAN Lichong;YAN Zhihua;CHEN Jie;GAO Wei;LOU Yi;YANG Fuqin;HU Haiyang;ZHU Jiawei(Guizhou Coalbed Methane Shale Gas Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550000,China;159 th Team,Guizhou Coal Geology Bureau,Guiyang 550000,China;Guizhou Wujiang Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development Co.,Ltd.,Bijie 551700,China;Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Fluidized Mining,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省煤层气页岩气工程技术研究中心贵州贵阳550000 [2]贵州省煤田地质局一五九队,贵州贵阳550000 [3]贵州乌江煤层气勘探开发有限公司贵州毕节551700 [4]贵州省煤炭流态化开采重点实验室,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2025年第3期340-355,共16页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般054);贵州省科技计划资助项目(黔科合平台人才-ZDSYS[2023]002);贵州省科技计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般287)。

摘　　要：在“双碳”目标背景下,如何解决煤矿区高瓦斯矿井瓦斯超限频发及煤层气地面高效抽采难题,就必须想办法实现煤与煤层气2种资源的高效协同开发。依托国家“十三五”和“十四五”科技重大专项持续攻关,紧密结合贵州煤矿“四区”实际,研究探索以煤矿全矿区、全甜点煤层、全时段的煤层气(瓦斯)“四区”联动高效立体抽采模式和技术体系。受煤矿区特殊地质条件的影响,其煤层气抽采及瓦斯治理方式较传统的煤层气开发及井下瓦斯治理技术存在一定差异,特别是在煤矿采空区,当煤层采空后,由于地应力的采后释放与重新分布,在倾向上形成5个应力场,导致临近区域上覆地层会受到不同程度影响,这对煤层气地面开发或瓦斯超前治理带来了新的挑战。现以贵州盘江矿区山脚树矿为例,为实现多薄煤层群发育条件下煤矿“四区”煤层气及卸压瓦斯的高效抽采,基于煤矿区采空、采动、原位地层应力分布及时空错位等特点,采用“一区一策”。创新探索出具有如下贵州特色的煤矿区“四区”联动井上下立体联合高效抽采技术:①通过在采空区布设多功能抽采直井或小斜度定向井,在贵州地区首次实现对采空区上覆煤岩层卸压瓦斯及下伏甜点煤层煤层气高效抽采及开发;②在生产区利用时空错位的特点,针对上保护层开采首采煤层采用“煤层气井+卸压井+井下钻孔”多方式抽采模式,在实现煤层气(瓦斯)井上下立体联合抽采的目的同时也有效解决了贵州煤层群发育条件下采煤过程中多源瓦斯涌入采煤巷及上隅角瓦斯易聚集的难题;③在准备区及规划区,结合两区地形及地质特点,采用水平井“井工厂”+“两俩对错”叠置布井模式,实现了全区域在平面上超前预抽甜点煤层煤层气及后续采动过程中上覆多煤岩层卸压瓦斯的高效抽采,同时以期实现“以井代巷�Under the background of“double carbon”goal,how to solve the problem of frequent gas over-limit in high gas mine and efficient surface extraction of coalbed methane in coal mine area,we must find ways to realize efficient cooperative development of coal and coalbed methane resources.Relying on the continuous research of the national“13th Five-Year Plan”and“14th Five-Year Plan”major science and technology projects,closely combined with the reality of Guizhou coal mine“four areas”,research and exploration of coal-bed methane(gas)“four areas”linkage efficient three-dimensional extraction mode and technical system.Due to the special geological conditions of coal mine area,the coal-bed methane extraction and gas control methods are different from traditional coal-bed methane development and underground gas control technologies.Especially in the goaf of coal mine,when the coal seam is goaf,five stress fields are formed in the tendency due to the post-mining release and redistribution of ground stress,resulting in different degrees of impact on the overlying strata in adjacent areas.This brings new challenges to the surface development of coalbed methane or the advance control of gas.Taking Sanjiao Shu Mine in Panjiang Mining area of Guizhou Province as an example,in order to realize efficient extraction of coalbed methane and pressure relief gas in“four zones”under the condition of multi-thin coal seam group development,based on the characteristics of mining area,mining movement,in-situ formation stress distribution and spatial and spatial dislocation,“one zone,one policy”is adopted.It innovated and explored the following high efficiency extraction technology of“four zones”linked Wells in coal mining areas with Guizhou characteristics:①By laying multi-functional pumping vertical Wells or small inclination oriented Wells in the goaf,it was the first time in Guizhou to realize efficient extraction and development of pressure relief gas in the overlying coal-covered strata and coalbed meth

关 键 词：煤矿区 煤层气(瓦斯) 四区 水平井 一井多用 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]