北京宽耳蝠河北新纪录及其声音和食性初步研究  

New record of Barbastella beijingensis in Hebei Province and preliminary studies on its acoustic and dietary characteristics

作　　者：杜建滢 郭东革 陈煜 王续帆 范巧丹 徐言言 刘森 DU Jianying;GUO Dongge;CHEN Yu;WANG Xufan;FAN Qiaodan;XU Yanyan;LIU Sen(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《兽类学报》2025年第2期218-227,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100300,2021FY100301);国家自然科学基金(32201265)。

摘　　要：北京宽耳蝠(Barbastella beijingensis)为中国特有种,然而有关其声波、食性、分布等方面的信息匮乏。2023年7月于河北省邢台市侯家庄镇酸枣坪村矿洞捕捉到5只宽耳蝠个体,测量其体型特征,采集其回声定位声波、胁迫叫声和粪便。5只个体体型中等,前臂长(43.8±1.6)mm,双耳相连于前额,外耳郭近方形且具有明显横嵴,中部外缘具有较小的耳突。头骨狭长,颅全长15.50~16.02 mm,颅顶平滑,眶间距较大。综合外部形态、头骨参数和分子系统发育分析(Cyt b和ND1基因),确定捕获个体为北京宽耳蝠。北京宽耳蝠的回声定位声波为调频声波,能量最高处在第二谐波,峰频为(70.90±3.75)kHz,带宽为(26.17±4.96)kHz,脉冲持续时间为(2.89±1.13)ms;胁迫叫声共划分出3种简单音节(长下调频、短下调频和皱状调频)和1种组合音节(噪声-皱状调频);食物组成以昆虫纲鳞翅目(相对读长丰度99.7%)为主,少量蜚蠊目、双翅目和膜翅目昆虫。此次发现为河北省翼手目新纪录,同时丰富了北京宽耳蝠的声波和食性资料,为后续深入开展相关研究提供基础数据。The Beijing Barbastelle(Barbastella beijingensis)is endemic to China and has limited information on its calls,diet and distribution.In July 2023,five Barbastelle bats were captured in a mine cave in Suanzaoping Village,Houjiazhuang Town,Xingtai City,Hebei Province(37°22′15.59″N,114°02′16.8″E,727 m elevation).We collected the bats'feces,echolocation calls,distress calls,and morphological data.These individuals are medium-sized,with a forearm length of(43.8±1.6)mm.There is a connection between the ears at the forehead,the outer ear contour is nearly square and has a distinct transverse ridge,and the middle outer edge has a smaller ear protrusion.The skulls are narrow and long,with a total length of 15.50 mm to 16.02 mm,a smooth skull top,and a larger interorbital distance.Based on external morphology,cranial parameters,and molecular phylogenetic analysis(Cyt b and ND1 genes),the captured individuals were identified as B.beijingensis.The echolocation calls of the B.beijingensis are frequency-modulated,with the highest energy at the second harmonic,a peak frequency of(70.90±3.75)kHz,a bandwidth of(26.17±4.96)kHz,and a pulse duration of(2.89±1.13)ms.The distress calls were divided into three simple syllables(long downward frequency modulation,short downward frequency modulation,and wrinkled frequency modulation)and one compound syllable(noise-wrinkled frequency modulation).The diet mainly consists of insects from the order Lepidoptera(relative read abundance 99.7%),as well as a small amount of insects from the orders Blattodea,Diptera,and Hymenoptera.This discovery represents a new bat species record for Hebei Province,and it enriches the acoustic and dietary data of the B.beijingensis,providing basic data for subsequent in-depth research.

关 键 词：北京宽耳蝠 翼手目 新纪录 河北省 声波 食性 

分 类 号：Q958.3[生物学—动物学] Q958.1