三种植物基固沙剂对风沙土水分入渗和蒸发的影响  

Effects of three plant-based sand-fixing agents on water infiltration and evaporation in aeolian sandy soil

作　　者：刘玥 郭强 袁立敏 党晓宏 蒙仲举 董菁 LIU Yue;GUO Qiang;YUAN Limin;DANG Xiaohong;MENG Zhongju;DONG Jing(College of Desert Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;Hohhot Water Resources and River and Lake Protection Center,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Center,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Sandy(Desert)Ecosystem and Ecological Engineering,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation and Cultivation of Biological Resources in Sandy Land,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]呼和浩特市水资源与河湖保护中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院林业和草原科技创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古自治区沙地(沙漠)生态系统与生态工程重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [5]沙地生物资源保护与培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [6]厦门大学王亚南经济研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2025年第4期658-667,共10页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划“呼伦贝尔沙地生态修复技术集成与示范”项目(2022YFDZ0055)资助。

摘　　要：植物基固沙剂是一种以全植物成分为主的环保型固沙剂,其能够有效固沙,且不会对土壤产生污染,分解成分对植物生长有促进作用。为明晰植物基固沙剂固结层的物理特性及其对沙质耕地土壤水分运移规律的影响,本文选取3种植物基固沙剂(沙蒿、亚麻、刺槐)及6种施用量(0.5 g·m^(-2)、1.0 g·m^(-2)、2.0 g·m^(-2)、3.0 g·m^(-2)、4.0 g·m^(-2)、5.0 g·m^(-2))开展水分入渗与蒸发模拟试验,并以喷洒等量纯净水的风沙土为对照(CK)。结果表明:(1)施用植物基固沙剂可改变土壤物理特性,固结层抗压强度表现为:刺槐>亚麻>沙蒿>CK,喷施刺槐、亚麻、沙蒿固沙剂后固结层平均抗压强度分别较CK增加了109.38%、95.06%、58.46%,同种固沙剂抗压强度随其施用量的增加而增加。随着固沙剂用量的增加,土壤容重逐渐增大,最大用量较CK提高3.76%;总孔隙度、饱和持水量、最小持水量均呈现递减趋势,最大较CK降低44.55%、47.65%、53.62%。(2)喷施植物基固沙剂可有效减缓水分的入渗速率,表现为亚麻固沙剂(29.53 min)≈刺槐固沙剂(29.52 min)>沙蒿固沙剂(29.03 min)>CK(26.08 min),随着施用量的增加,刺槐和亚麻固沙剂入渗时间呈现U型变化趋势,沙蒿固沙剂呈现逐渐增大的趋势。(3)喷施植物基固沙剂可有效减缓土壤水分蒸发速率,3种固沙剂均表现出2.0~4.0 g·m^(-2)施用量效果较为显著。(4)当固沙剂施用量为2.0~4.0 g·m^(-2)时,既可保证保水效果又能有效预防水分入渗过慢的问题。该研究为新型固沙剂的探索及在沙质耕地土壤风蚀防治方面提供理论依据。Plant-based sand-fixing agents are ecofriendly materials that effectively stabilize sand without pollut-ing the soil,and their decomposition products promote plant growth.This study investigated the physical charac-teristics of consolidated layers formed by plant-based sand-fixing agents and their effects on soil water movement in sandy farmland using water infiltration and evaporation simulation experiments with three plant-based sand-fix-ing agents(Artemisia desertorum,flax,and black locust)and six application rates(0.5 g·m^(-2),1.0 g·m^(-2),2.0 g·m^(-2),3.0 g·m^(-2),4.0 g·m^(-2),and 5.0 g·m^(-2)).Wind-sand soil sprayed with the same amount of pure water served as the control(CK).The results showed the following:(1)The soil physical properties were altered.The compressive strength of the consolidated layer was in the order of black locust>flax>Artemisia desertorum>CK.The average compressive strength of the consolidated layer treated with the three agents increased by 109.38%,95.06%,and 58.46%compared with CK,respectively.The compressive strength of the same agent increased with concentra-tion.Soil bulk density increased with higher application rates,with a maximum increase of 3.76%compared with CK.Meanwhile,the total porosity and saturated and minimum water-holding capacity decreased by up to 44.55%,47.65%,and 53.62%,respectively,compared with CK.(2)The water infiltration rate was effectively re-duced.The infiltration times were as follows:flax(29.53 min)≈black locust(29.52 min)>Artemisia desertorum(29.03 min)>CK(26.08 min).As the application rate increased,the infiltration time showed a U-shaped trend for black locust and flax agents,whereas Artemisia desertorum increased gradually.(3)The soil water evaporation rates were significantly reduced.For all three agents,the application rates of 2.0-4.0 g·m^(-2) demonstrated the most pronounced effects.(4)Application rates of 2.0-4.0 g·m^(-2) improved water retention and prevented exces-sively slow water infiltration.This study provides theoretical support

关 键 词：植物固沙剂 固结层特性 土壤水分运移 沙质耕地 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]