伊犁河流域农户对高标准农田建设成效的评价  

Evaluation of farmers’perspective on the effectiveness of high-standard farmland construction in the Ili River Basin

作　　者：黄伟豪 兰珊 张艺圩 张恒瑞 曹文馨 赵心玥 郭雅欣 陈朋朋 李少帅 吴文良[1] 王庆刚 HUANG Weihao;LAN Shan;ZHANG Yiwei;ZHANG Hengrui;CAO Wenxin;ZHAO Xinyue;GUO Yaxin;CHEN Pengpeng;LI Shaoshuai;WU Wenliang;WANG Qinggang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,and Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China;Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/有机农业与生物多样性北京市重点实验室,北京100193 [2]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [3]自然资源部国土整治中心,北京100035

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2025年第4期766-774,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0504)。

摘　　要：充分利用水资源进行高标准农田建设是当前伊犁河流域农业发展的重要任务之一。然而,目前缺乏农户对已开展的高标准农田建设的评价研究。本文通过对伊犁河流域11个县市98户实施高标准农田建设的农户进行调查,从农户的视角对流域高标准农田建设成效进行评价。对高标准农田建设满意或非常满意的农户占92.9%,分别有89.9%、99.9%、52.1%、50%、87.7%和98.0%的农户认为高标准农田建设在灌溉条件优化、农作物产量提升、耕地平整度提高、耕地障碍物减少、田间道路优化和机械化水平提高方面取得明显成效,仅有9.2%和30.6%的农户认为高标准农田建设以后减少了农药和化肥施用。与小规模种植农户(种植规模<6.667 hm^(2))相比,大规模种植农户(>6.667 hm^(2))对提升耕地平整度、减少障碍物、修建田间道路、提高机械化水平、减少农药施用和提升产量方面的感知更明显。汉族和少数民族农户对高标准农田建设的总体满意度均较高,但与少数民族农户相比,汉族农户对产量提升和田间道路优化方面的感知更为明显。本研究表明农户对于伊犁河流域高标准农田建设总体满意度较高,尤其在灌溉条件提升、田间道路优化和机械化提升和产量提升方面取得了明显的成效。建议后续逐步提升流域高标准农田建设的生态化水平,从而促进流域农业发展的绿色生态转型。Utilizing abundant water resources for high-standard farmland construction is a key task in agricultural development in the Ili River Basin.However,there is limited research evaluating these projects from farmers’perspectives.This study surveyed 98 farmers from 11 counties in the Ili River Basin who are involved in high-standard farmland construction to assess the effectiveness of these projects.The results show that 92.9%of the farmers expressed satisfaction or strong satisfaction with the projects.Specifically,89.9%,99.9%,52.1%,50%,87.7%,and 98.0%of the farmers acknowledged significant improvements in irrigation conditions,crop yield,land leveling,reduction of field obstacles,field road construction,and mechanization levels,respectively.Only 9.2%and 30.6%perceived reductions in pesticide and fertilizer use after the projects.Compared with small-scale farmers(cultivating<6.667 hm^(2)),large-scale farmers(cultivating>6.667 hm^(2))have a more pronounced percep-tion of improvements in land leveling,reduction of field obstacles,field road construction,mechanization levels,pesticide use reduction,and yield improvement.Both Han and minority ethnic farmers expressed high overall sat-isfaction with the projects.However,Han farmers perceived more significant improvements in yield and field road construction than minority ethic farmers.This study indicates that farmers in the Ili River Basin are general-ly satisfied with the high-standard farmland constructions,particularly improvements in irrigation conditions,field road construction,mechanization levels,and yield improvement.It is recommended to gradually enhance the ecological aspects of high-standard farmland constructions to promote the green transformation of agricultural development in the region.

关 键 词：高标准农田建设 问卷调查 伊犁河流域 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]