锅炉吸风机叶轮断裂失效分析  

Failure analysis of boiler suction fan impeller fracture

作　　者：王子文 张汝波 孙奎峰 于洪亮 房国涛 张明 李梦丽 WANG Ziwen;ZHANG Rubo;SUN Kuifeng;YU Hongliang;FANG Guotao;ZHANG Ming;LI Mengli(Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353,China;Shandong Electrical Engineering&Equipment Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250002,China;Weihai Chemical Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Weihai 264203,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)机械工程学部,山东济南250353 [2]山东电工电气集团有限公司,山东济南250002 [3]威海化工机械有限公司,山东威海264203

出　　处：《齐鲁工业大学学报》2025年第2期37-44,共8页Journal of Qilu University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51705265、12075127);科教产融合试点工程项目计划(基础研究类)(2022PY059、2023PX036);校(院)地产学研协同创新基金项目(2022CXY-02);威海市科技发展计划项目(2022KC02)。

摘　　要：某热电厂1#锅炉甲侧吸风机发生故障,相关检验人员在现场对风机叶片进行了宏观检验,选取3处叶片失效部位试块进行光谱分析和扫描电镜观察,发现其中材料化学成分P元素含量超标并且具有明显的疲劳辉纹。对风机后挡板进行了力学性能测试、硬度测试和显微组织分析均未见异常。得出结论是后挡板母材处的结构集中应力较高,在外界烟气及杂物冲击作用下容易萌生疲劳裂纹,疲劳裂纹在交变应力的作用下不断扩展,最终导致叶轮多源疲劳开裂。In a thermal power plant,the No.1 boiler hail-side suction fan failed,and the relevant inspectors carried out macroscopic inspection on the fan blades on the spot.Three test blocks of the failure parts of the blades were selected for spectral analysis and scanning electron microscopy observation,and it was found that the content of the chemical component P exceeded the standard and there were obvious fatigue marks.The mechanical property test,hardness test and microstructure analysis of the rear baffle of the fan are not abnormal.The conclusion is that the structure of the base material of the tailgate has high concentrated stress,which is easy to generate fatigue cracks under the impact of external smoke and debris.The fatigue cracks continue to expand under the action of alternating stress,and finally lead to multi-source fatigue cracking of the impeller.

关 键 词：风机叶轮 疲劳失效 成分分析 性能测试 疲劳裂纹 

分 类 号：TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]