海口自生植物多样性与组成特征  

Diversity and Composition Characteristics of Spontaneous Plants in Haikou City

作　　者：马一川 茆桐凤 史佑海 Ma Yichuan;Mao Tongfeng;Shi Youhai(College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Danzhou Hainan 571737;Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南詹州571737 [2]海南大学海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带林业》2025年第1期33-38,共6页Tropical Forestry

摘　　要：自生植物不仅能在城市形成稳定的植物群落,强化城市植物的地域性特色,尤为重要的是这些植物可以在低人工管理强度的条件下自我更新演替,极大地节省人力物力,推进城市园林的可持续发展。研究聚焦于海口市城区和郊区分布的自生维管植物,基于网格布样法和城/郊3∶1双密度分层随机抽样法共得到40个样方。对样方内分布的自生植物进行实地调查,结果显示调查区内共有自生植物343种,隶属于89科265属。其中,本地种、逸生种、归化种和外来入侵种各有289种、8种、3种和43种,分别占自生植物总数的84.26%、2.23%、0.87%和12.54%,以豆科、禾本科和菊科等为优势科;260个属中,世界广布属、热带属和温带属各有21属、232属和12属,各占7.92%、87.55%和4.53%,热带成分占据绝对优势。研究结果表明,自生植物在保护城市自然本底、丰富植物多样性、构筑城市区域景观特色等方面具有重要价值,因而在今后的城市植物规划中,应合理选用自生植物,提高乡土植物比例,促进城市园林的可持续发展。Spontaneous plants can not only form a stable plant community in the city and strengthen the regional characteristics of urban plants but most importantly,these plants can achieve self-renewal succession under conditions of low artificial management intensity,greatly saving labor and resources and promoting the sustainable development of urban gardens.This study focuses on the spontaneous plants distributed in urban and suburban areas of Haikou City.Based on the grid method and the urban/suburban 3:1 dual-density stratified random sampling method,40 quadrats were obtained as the survey areas.A field survey within the sample plots revealed that there were 343 species of spontaneous plants in the surveyed areas,belonging to 89 families and 265 genera.Among these,there were 289 native species,8 feral species,3 naturalized species,and 43 invasive alien species,accounting for 84.26%,2.23%,0.87%,and 12.54%respectively,with Fabaceae,Poaceae,and Asteraceae being the dominant families.Among the 260 genera,there were 21 cosmopolitan genera,232 tropical genera,and 12 temperate genera,accounting for 7.92%,87.55%,and 4.53%,respectively,with tropical elements having an absolute advantage.The results indicate that spontaneous plants have significant value in protecting the natural urban background,enriching plant diversity,and constructing landscape characteristics of urban areas.Therefore,in the future urban plant planning,it is necessary to reasonably select spontaneous plants,increase the proportion of native plants,and promote the sustainable development of urban gardens.

关 键 词：自生植物 物种组成 物种多样性 海口市 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学]