稠油冷采技术现状及展望  

Current status and prospect of cold recovery technology for heavy oil

作　　者：孔鑫鑫 唐晓东[1] 李晶晶[1] 卿大咏[1] 邓桂重 曹成龙 KONG Xinxin;TANG Xiaodong;LI Jingjing;QING Dayong;DENG Guizhong;CAO Chenglong(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610599,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610599

出　　处：《石油化工》2025年第4期597-605,共9页Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22B20145)。

摘　　要：稠油黏度高、流动性低,开采难度大。传统的稠油热采技术采收率高,但存在蒸汽用量大、能耗和碳排放量高等问题。稠油冷采技术具有低成本、对环境友好等优势,已成为稠油开采研究的热点。概述了国内外稠油冷采技术的现状,包括水驱、聚合物驱、表面活性剂驱、泡沫驱、微生物驱等的基本原理、适用条件及未来发展方向。综述了近年来稠油冷采新技术的主要进展,包括化学复合冷采、稠油绿色冷采、纳米驱油等技术。提出了稠油冷采技术未来应朝着多学科交叉、过程节能低碳、新型降黏剂开发、绿色化和智能化等方向发展。Heavy oil is distinguished by its high viscosity and low mobility,posing significant challenges to its extraction.Although highly effective,the traditional heavy oil thermal recovery technology is subject to issues like high energy consumption and increased carbon emissions.Cold recovery technology for heavy oil has emerged as a key research focus in heavy oil extraction thanks to its cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits.A comprehensive overview of the current status of cold recovery technology for heavy oil was summarized,both domestically and internationally,including fundamental principles,applicable conditions,and future development directions of various methods,such as water flooding,polymer flooding,surfactant flooding,foam flooding,and microbial flooding.The major progress in cold recovery technology for heavy oil in recent years was reviewed,including chemical composite cold recovery,green cold recovery,and nanotechnologybased oil recovery.It is proposed that future developments in cold recovery technology for heavy oil should emphasize interdisciplinary integration,energy-efficient and low-carbon processes,the development of novel viscosity reducers,as well as the advancement of environmentally friendly and intelligent technologies.

关 键 词：稠油 碳排放 冷采技术 提高采收率 发展方向 

分 类 号：TE35[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]