可能世界叙事学下虚拟与真实的互构——以唐·德里罗的《地下世界》为例  

Construction of Virtuality and Reality From the Perspective of Possible-worlds Narrative Theory--Taking Don DeLillo’s Underworld as An Example

作　　者：谢华[1] 张沥文 XIE Hua;ZHANG Liwen(School of International Education,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;School of Foreign Languages,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学国际教育学院,南昌330063 [2]南昌航空大学外国语学院,南昌330063

出　　处：《南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期45-52,共8页Journal of Nanchang Hangkong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2023年研究生创新专项资金项目“美国后现代小说中的可能世界叙事研究”(YC2023-S697)。

摘　　要：作为后经典叙事学的重要分支,可能世界叙事学肯定了文学虚构世界自主的本体论地位,为解释后现代文本中的“元虚构”模式提供了合理进路。在鸿篇巨著《地下世界》中,唐·德里罗以棒球为线索,通过正反两条时间线,串联起多个嵌套在文本现实世界中的可能世界,增加了叙事的深度和阅读难度。以玛丽·劳尔·瑞恩的可能世界叙事学为理论基础,构建小说的可能世界模型,揭示叙事世界内部各递归嵌套结构如何通过本体论层次的逾越,打破虚拟与真实的边界,成为文本现实的一部分。此外,结合量子力学中的观测者效应,解释读者如何参与小说情节的生成,实现作者、文本叙述者、读者所在世界的三界通达。As an important branch of postclassical narratology,possible-worlds narrative theory confirms that the literary fictional worlds are autonomous and ontological,providing a reasonable formula for the explanation of metafiction in postmodern works.In the magnum opus Underworld,Don DeLillo employs a baseball as a thread,interweaving multiple possible worlds embedded in the textual actual world through two timelines,thus increasing the narrative depth and reading difficulty.Based on Marie-Laure Ryan’s possible-worlds narrative theory,the paper endeavors to construct a possible-worlds model to analyze how recursive structures embedded in the narrative world break the boundary between the virtual and the real through ontological metalepsis,and finally integrate into the textual actual world.In addition,the paper will explain how the readers help generate the plot in light of the observer effect in quantum mechanics,achieving accessibility among the three worlds of the author,the narrator,and the reader.

关 键 词：可能世界叙事学 虚拟与真实 唐·德里罗 《地下世界》 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]