Phylogenomic insights into species relationships,reticulate evolution,and biogeographic diversification of the ginseng genus Panax(Araliaceae),with an emphasis on the diversification in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains  

作　　者：Meng-Hua Zhang Ze-Long Nie Regina A.Fairbanks Jing Liu Robert Literman Gabriel Johnson Sara Handy Jun Wen 

机构地区：[1]College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China [2]Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology,University of California,Davis,CA,95616,USA [3]College of Life Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an 625014,China [4]Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,Office of Regulatory Science,US Food and Drug Administration,College Park,MD,USA [5]Department of Botany,National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian Institution,Washington,DC,20013-7012,USA

出　　处：《Journal of Systematics and Evolution》2025年第1期99-114,共16页植物分类学报(英文版)

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31570211);the Natural Sciences Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ40232);the Smithsonian Institution Barcode Network(SIBN);supported by the Natural History Research Experience(NHRE)Internship Program(REU Site,EAR-1062692,OCE-1560088)at the National Museum of Natural History。

摘　　要：Panax(Araliaceae)is a small genus containing several well known medicinally important species.It has a disjunct distribution between Eastern Asia and Eastern North America,with most species from eastern Asia,especially the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains(HHM).This study used the genomic target enrichment method to obtain 358 nuclear ortholog loci and complete plastome sequences from 59 accessions representing all 18 species of the genus.Divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses suggest that Panax was probably widely distributed from North America to Asia during the middle Eocene.During the late Eocene to Oligocene Panax may have experienced extensive extinctions during global climate cooling.It survived and diverged early in the mountains of Southwest China and tropical Indochina,where some taxa migrated northwestward to the HHM,eastward to central and eastern China,and then onward toward Japan and North America.Gene flow is identified as the main contributor to phylogenetic discordance(33.46%)within Panax.We hypothesize that the common ancestors of the medicinally important P.ginseng+P.japonicus+P.quinquefolius clade had experienced allopolyploidization,which increased adaptability to cooler and drier environments.During the middle to late Miocene,several dispersals occurred from the region of the HHM to contiguous areas,suggesting that HHM acted as a refugium and also served as a secondary diversification center for Panax.Our findings highlight that the interplay of orographic uplift and climatic changes in the HHM greatly contributed to the species diversity of Panax.

关 键 词：BIOGEOGRAPHY gene flow Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains PANAX reticulate evolution 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]