上海市饮用水水质标准发展历程与2025新地标解读  

Developing Process of Drinking Water Quality Standards in Shanghai and Interpretation of the 2025 New Local Standard

作　　者：张立尖 ZHANG Lijian(Shanghai Municipal Water Supply Dispatching and Monitoring Center,Shanghai 200085,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市供水调度监测中心,上海200085

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第4期1-11,共11页Water Purification Technology

摘　　要：【目的】为了深入了解上海市饮用水水质标准的发展历程,对接《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)、《二次供水设施卫生规范》(报批稿)(GB 17051)、《城市供水水质标准》(报批稿)(CJ/T 206)等标准要求,进一步强化从源头到龙头的供水全过程水质管理,保障饮用水安全。【方法】展示1927年上海《自来水质清洁标准》和1950年的《上海市自来水水质标准》全文内容,介绍2018年的《生活饮用水水质标准》(DB31/T 1091—2018)指标情况、实施成效、修订背景和修订原则,解读《生活饮用水水质标准》(DB31/T 1091—2025)的主要内容、部分水质指标及其限值设定依据,探讨饮用水水质标准制定和修订时的困难与应对策略。【结果】1927年的标准是我国第一部饮用水水质标准,1950年的标准是新中国成立后的全国第一部饮用水水质标准,2018年的标准是我国标准体系建立后的全国第一部饮用水水质地方标准,2025年6月1日实施的上海市地方标准和国标《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)相比,新增5项水质指标,提标38项指标限值,大幅度调整了标准参考指标,充分体现了标准引领和上海特色以及供水全过程保障的理念。【结论】2025新地标更加关注原水水质影响、更加关注处理工艺效果、更加关注指标风险变化、更加注重对接相关标准。针对饮用水水质标准制定和修订过程中面临的污染物的多样性、限值研究的复杂性和技术经济性等诸多难题,提出了确定和动态更新饮用水优先污染物的应对策略。[Objective]To comprehensively understand the development of drinking water quality standards in Shanghai and align with the requirements of standards such as Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749—2022),the Hygienic Specification for Facilities of Secondary Water Supply(draft for approral)(GB 17051),and Water Supply Quality Standards for Urban Water Supply(draft for approral)(CJ/T 206),and further strengthen the comprehensive management of water quality throughout the entire supply process-from the source to the tap-this initiative aims to ensure the safety of drinking water.[Methods]Present the full text of Shanghai Clean Tap Water Standards(1927)and Shanghai Tap Water Quality Standards(1950),introduce the indicates,implementation effectiveness,revision background,and principles of Standards for Drinking Water Quality(DB31/T 1091—2018),interpret the main content and rationale for setting specific water quality indicators and limits in the Drinking Water Quality Standards(DB31/T 1091—2025),and discuss challenges and countermeasures in formulating and revising drinking water quality standards.[Results]The 1927 Shanghai standard was China′s first drinking water quality standard,the 1950 standard was the nation′s first drinking water quality standard established after the founding of the People′s Republic of China,and the 2018 standard was the country′s first local drinking water quality standard following the establishment of China′s standard system.Compared to the national Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749—2022),the Shanghai local standard,which will take effect on June 1,2025,introduces 5 new water quality indices,upgrades the limits for 38 indices,and significantly adjusts the reference indicates.This fully reflects the concept of standard leadership,Shanghai′s unique characteristics,and the comprehensive protection of the entire water supply process.[Conclusion]The 2025 new local standards places greater emphasis on the impact of raw water quality,the effectiveness of treatm

关 键 词：生活饮用水 二次供水 末梢水(龙头水) 城市供水 水质标准 地方标准 标准解读 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]